Benzene and toluene form ideal solution over the entire range of composition. The vapour pressure of pure benzene and toluene at 300 K are 50.71 mm Hg and 32.06 mm Hg respectively. Calculate the mole fraction of benzene in vapour phase if 80 g of benzene is mixed with 100 g of toluene.
Molar mass of benzene(C6H6) = 6 X 12 + 6 X 1 = 78 g/mol
Molar mass of toluene = 7 x 12 + 8 x 1 = 92 g/mol
Now no of moles in 80g of benezen = 80 / 78 = 1.026 mol
No of moles in 100g of toluene = 100 / 92 = 1.087 mol
∴Mole fraction of benzene xb = 1.026 / 1.026 + 1.087 = 0.486
And Mole fraction of toluene,xt = 1 - 0.486 = 0.514
We have given that
Vapor pressure of pure benzene pb° = 50.71 mm Hg
And, vapour pressure of pure toluene, pt° = 32.06 mm Hg
Therefore partial Vapor pressure of benzene, pb = pb X xb
= 50.71 x 0.486
= 24.65 mm Hg
And partial Vapor pressure of toluene, pt = pt X xt
Pt = p°t X xt = 32.06 x 0.514
= 16.48
Total vapour pressure = 24.65 + 16.48 = 41.13 mm Hg
Mole fraction of benzene in vapour phase = 24.65 / 41.13 = 0.60
Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds.
(i) Propanal and Propanone
(ii) Acetophenone and Benzophenone
(iii) Phenol and Benzoic acid
(iv) Benzoic acid and Ethyl benzoate
(v) Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one
(vi) Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone
(vii) Ethanal and Propanal
A 5% solution (by mass) of cane sugar in water has freezing point of 271 K. Calculate the freezing point of 5% glucose in water if freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K.
How the following conversions can be carried out?
(i) Propene to propan-1-ol
(ii) Ethanol to but-1-yne
(iii) 1-Bromopropane to 2-bromopropane
(iv) Toluene to benzyl alcohol
(v) Benzene to 4-bromonitrobenzene
(vi) Benzyl alcohol to 2-phenylethanoic acid
(vii) Ethanol to propanenitrile
(viii) Aniline to chlorobenzene
(ix) 2-Chlorobutane to 3, 4-dimethylhexane
(x) 2-Methyl-1-propene to 2-chloro-2-methylpropane
(xi) Ethyl chloride to propanoic acid
(xii) But-1-ene to n-butyliodide
(xiii) 2-Chloropropane to 1-propanol
(xiv) Isopropyl alcohol to iodoform
(xv) Chlorobenzene to p-nitrophenol
(xvi) 2-Bromopropane to 1-bromopropane
(xvii) Chloroethane to butane
(xviii) Benzene to diphenyl
(xix) tert-Butyl bromide to isobutyl bromide
(xx) Aniline to phenylisocyanide
A solution of glucose in water is labelled as 10% w/w, what would be the molality and mole fraction of each component in the solution? If the density of solution is 1.2 g mL-1, then what shall be the molarity of the solution?
Henry's law constant for CO2 in water is 1.67 x 108Pa at 298 K. Calculate the quantity of CO2in 500 mL of soda water when packed under 2.5 atm CO2 pressure at 298 K.
Calculate the mass of a non-volatile solute (molar mass 40 g mol-1) which should be dissolved in 114 g octane to reduce its vapour pressure to 80%.
The vapour pressure of pure liquids A and B are 450 and 700 mm Hg respectively, at 350 K. Find out the composition of the liquid mixture if total vapour pressure is 600 mm Hg. Also find the composition of the vapour phase.
Calculate the mole fraction of benzene in solution containing 30% by mass in carbon tetrachloride.
How many mL of 0.1 M HCl are required to react completely with 1 g mixture of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 containing equimolar amounts of both?
If NaCl is doped with 10-3mol % of SrCl2, what is the concentration of cation vacancies?
Bond angle in PH+4 is higher than that in PH3. Why?
Explain the fact that in aryl alkyl ethers
(i) The alkoxy group activates the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution and
(ii) It directs the incoming substituents to ortho and para positions in benzene ring.
Amongst the following compounds, identify which are insoluble, partially soluble and highly soluble in water?
(i) phenol (ii) toluene (iii) formic acid (iv) ethylene glycol (v) chloroform (vi) pentanol.
Using the standard electrode potentials given in Table 3.1, predict if the reaction between the following is feasible:
(i) Fe3+(aq) and I-(aq)
(ii) Ag+ (aq) and Cu(s)
(iii) Fe3+ (aq) and Br- (aq)
(iv) Ag(s) and Fe3+ (aq)
(v) Br2 (aq) and Fe2+ (aq).
Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides:
(i) (CH3)2CHCH(Cl)CH3
(ii) CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH(C2H5)Cl
(iii) CH3CH2C(CH3)2CH2I
(iv) (CH3)3CCH2CH(Br)C6H5
(v) CH3CH(CH3)CH(Br)CH3
(vi) CH3C(C2H5)2CH2Br
(vii) CH3C(Cl)(C2H5)CH2CH3
(viii) CH3CH=C(Cl)CH2CH(CH3)2
(ix) CH3CH=CHC(Br)(CH3)2
(x) p-ClC6H4CH2CH(CH3)2
(xi) m-ClCH2C6H4CH2C(CH3)3
(xii) o-Br-C6H4CH(CH3)CH2CH3
How does ammonia react with a solution of Cu2+?
Write short notes on the following:
(i) Carbylamine reaction (ii) Diazotisation
(iii) Hofmann's bromamide reaction (iv) Coupling reaction
(v) Ammonolysis (vi) Acetylation
(vii) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis.
Which alkyl halide from the following pairs would you expect to react more rapidly by an SN2 mechanism? Explain your answer.
Describe the preparation of potassium permanganate. How does the acidifiedpermanganate solution react with
(i) iron
(II) ions
(ii) SO2 and
(iii) oxalic acid?
Write the ionic equations for the reactions.
Why do we require artificial sweetening agents?
This is the most straight forward method possible. á(ಥÊ̯ಥ)á
It's do long and difficult so tell any other way to solve it
Any more Satisfactory way to solve