{"id":1444,"date":"2020-11-18T09:06:28","date_gmt":"2020-11-18T09:06:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/?p=1444"},"modified":"2020-11-19T12:02:21","modified_gmt":"2020-11-19T12:02:21","slug":"dr-apj-abdul-kalam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/dr-apj-abdul-kalam\/","title":{"rendered":"Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam &#8211; The Missile Man of India"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam<\/strong> was acknowledged with many prestigious awards including India\u2019s highest civilian honor <\/span><b>\u201cBharat Ratna\u201d<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the year 1997. Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was the <strong>11th President of India<\/strong>, who was elected against Lakshmi Sehgal in the year 2002. Before taking administration as the President of India. He worked with a space organization, the Indian Space Research Organisation commonly known as (ISRO) and also at Defence Research and Development Organisation, also known as (DRDO) and designated as an aerospace engineer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He was known as the <strong>Missile Man of India<\/strong> for his vital role in the nation\u2019s civilian space program and military missile development. Also, He made some significant contributions to India\u2019s Pokhran-II nuclear tests, in the year 1998.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A.P.J Abdul Kalam started his career as a scientist at the Aeronautical Development Establishment of the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO). He had also worked as the project director of India\u2019s first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) at ISRO.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the 1990s he had worked as the (CSA) Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister before taking charge as the President of India in the year 2002.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_87_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/dr-apj-abdul-kalam\/#Family_History_and_Early_Life\" >Family History and Early Life<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/dr-apj-abdul-kalam\/#Education_and_Career\" >Education and Career<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/dr-apj-abdul-kalam\/#His_years_at_the_DRDO\" >His years at the DRDO<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/dr-apj-abdul-kalam\/#The_Missile_Developer\" >The Missile Developer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/dr-apj-abdul-kalam\/#Role_in_Pokhran-II\" >Role in Pokhran-II<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/dr-apj-abdul-kalam\/#Abdul_Kalam_as_a_President_of_India_From_2002_to_2007\" >Abdul Kalam as a President of India: From 2002 to 2007<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/dr-apj-abdul-kalam\/#Post_Presidency\" >Post Presidency<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/dr-apj-abdul-kalam\/#APJ_Abdul_Kalam_Death\" >A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: Death<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/dr-apj-abdul-kalam\/#APJ_Abdul_Kalam_National_Memorial\" >A.P.J. Abdul Kalam National Memorial<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/dr-apj-abdul-kalam\/#APJ_Abdul_Kalam_Awards_and_Achievements\" >A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: Awards and Achievements<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/dr-apj-abdul-kalam\/#APJ_Abdul_Kalam_Educational_and_Scientific_Institutions\" >A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: Educational and Scientific Institutions<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/dr-apj-abdul-kalam\/#APJ_Abdul_Kalam_Books\" >A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Books<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/dr-apj-abdul-kalam\/#Biographies_on_APJ_Abdul_Kalam\" >Biographies on A.P.J. Abdul Kalam<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/dr-apj-abdul-kalam\/#APJ_Abdul_Kalam_Legacy\" >A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: Legacy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Family_History_and_Early_Life\"><\/span><b>Family History and Early Life<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On 15 October in the year 1931, Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam was born to a Tamil Muslim family in Rameswaram. Later in Madras Presidency in British India, which is now known as Tamil Nadu. His father\u2019s name was Jainulabdeen, he owns a boat and imam of a local mosque. His mother\u2019s name was Ashiamma, she was a housewife.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kalam was the youngest and he had five siblings. The eldest was a sister, named Asim Zohra, and three elder brothers, i.e Mustafa Kalam, Kasim Mohammed, and Mohammed Muthu Meera Lebbai Maraikayar. He was very close to his family and always supported them, though he lived a whole bachelor\u2019s life.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">His parents had been wealthy traders and landowners, with many properties and large plots of land. They trade groceries between the mainland and the island to and from Srilanka and also carry the pilgrims from the shore to Pamban Island. Their family had the title <\/span><b>\u201cMara Kalam Iyakkivar\u201d<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (wooden boat steerers). They were known as \u201cMarker.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But by the 1920s, the family business of Dr Kalam failed to result in the loss of his family wealth. So, to assist his family, Kalam started selling newspapers at an early age.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kalam was always an average student during school days but was very hard working and obedient. Mathematics was his favorite subject.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Finished his matriculation from Schwartz Higher Secondary School, which is located in Ramanathapuram, and later he graduated in Physics from Saint Joseph\u2019s College. Later, He moved to Madras to continue aerospace engineering at Madras Institute of Technology, in the year 1955.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Through his graduation, he has designated a project to design a low-level attack aircraft with other students. Their teacher had addressed them a tight deadline to complete this project. It was challenging. Abdul Kalam worked hard under pressure and finished his project within the specified period. The teacher was overwhelmed by the allegiance of Kalam.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kalam always wanted to become a fighter pilot, but he got 9th position in the qualifiers list, and only eight vacancies were available in the IAF.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Education_and_Career\"><\/span><b>Education and Career<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kalam had finished his graduation in 1957 from the Madras Institute of Technology. In 1958, he joined the Aeronautical Development Establishment of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) as a scientist.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the beginning 1960s, he worked with the Indian National Committee for Space Research also known as INCOSPAR under the renowned space scientist Vikram Sarabhai.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After visiting Goddard Space Flight Centre in Greenbelt, Maryland, NASA\u2019s Langely Research Centre in Hampton, Virginia, and Wallops Flight Facility in 1963-64, he had begun working on an expandable rocket project independently in 1965 at DRDO (Defence Research and Development Organisation).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He was not very happy with his work at DRDO. And when he got transfer orders to the ISRO in 1969, he became happy. He worked as the project director of the SLV-III that successfully deployed the Rohini satellite in near-earth orbit, in July 1980. It is India\u2019s first indigenously created and produced satellite launch vehicle.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After receiving the government\u2019s approval in 1969 he expanded the program to include more engineers. In the 1970s. He had made an endeavor to develop the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) to enable India to launch its Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellite into Sun-Synchronous orbit, PSLV project was successful and on 20 September 1993, that was his first launch.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the 1970s, Abdul Kalam guided two projects, i.e Project Devil and Project Valiant. Devil Project was a new liquid-fuelled missile project intended at producing a short-range surface-to- air missile. And this project was not successful and stopped in the 1980s, and later it started the development of the Prithvi missile. And the valiant project which was aimed at the development of the intercontinental ballistic missile was also not successful.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An Indian Ministry of Defence program, which was managed by DRDO in association with other government organizations, launched the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) in the early 1980s. Dr. Kalam was called to commence the project, and in 1983 he reverted to DRDO as the Chief Executive of IGMDP, in the year 1983.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The program is directed to the development of four projects i.e Short-range surface-to-surface <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">missile (Prithvi), Short range low-level surface-to-air missile (Trishul), Medium range surface-to-<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">air missile (Akash), and Third-generation anti-tank missile (Nag).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Following the leadership of Abdul Kalam, the project of IGMDP demonstrated to be successful <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">by producing missiles like the first Prithvi missile in 1988 and after that the Agni missile in 1989. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Due to his participation, he was known as the \u201cMissile Man of India.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 1992, he was designated as the Scientific Adviser to the Defence Minister. Among the rank of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a cabinet minister, in 1999, he was selected as the Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Abdul Kalam performed a significant role in leading the Pokhran-II, a series of five nuclear bomb <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">test explosions, in May 1998. With the completion of these tests. He received the status of a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">national hero, and then Prime Minister Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee announced India a full-fledged <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nuclear state.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Not only this much, but A.P.J. Abdul Kalam in 1998 also recommended a countrywide plan <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">called Technology Vision 2020 to make India a developed nation by the year 2020 and proposed nuclear empowerment, numerous technological innovations, improvement of agricultural productivity, etc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The National Democratic Alliance (NDA) was in power and chose Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam for the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">post of the President of India, in the year 2002. As a popular national figure, he won the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">presidential election very easily.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"His_years_at_the_DRDO\"><\/span><b>His years at the DRDO<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As a scientist, his time at DRDO was utilized in focusing on research in the defense and space arena. In the beginning, he invented a small hovercraft and started working on an expandable rocket project autonomously. In 1969 he was moved to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) where he was the project head of India\u2019s first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III). During this time he received the government\u2019s approval to expand the program.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Missile_Developer\"><\/span><b>The Missile Developer<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 20 years, Dr. Kalam was successful to develop the Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) &amp; SLV-III projects. He also directed two projects which developed ballistic missiles from the technology of the SLV program, in the 1970s. Abdul Kalam was appointed as the Chief Executive by then Defence Minister R. Venkataraman of a project that served on the development of a quiver of missiles. A fund of 388 crores was designated for this mission named Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP). He developed many missiles beneath this mission including Agni and Prithvi.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Role_in_Pokhran-II\"><\/span><b>Role in Pokhran-II<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ABJ Kalam worked as the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister and he worked as the Chief Project Coordinator of the Pokhran-II nuclear tests. The extensive media coverage of this <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the project made Kalam a well &#8211; known nuclear scientist.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During the Vajpayee government, APJ Abdul Kalam has got Bharat Ratna and performed a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">significant role in the testing of nuclear weapons in 1998.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Abdul_Kalam_as_a_President_of_India_From_2002_to_2007\"><\/span><b>Abdul Kalam as a President of India: From 2002 to 2007<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The NDA government introduced Kalam\u2019s name for the presidential post to the Leader of Opposition, Congress President Sonia Gandhi, on 10 June 2002.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Abdul Kalam worked as the President of India from 25 July 2002 to 25 July 2007. He was the first scientist and the first bachelor to maintain the Rashtrapati Bhawan.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the presidential election, he received approx. 922,884 votes and defeated Lakshmi Sehgal.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He became the 11th President of India by displacing K.R Narayanan.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Abdul Kalam got the prestigious Bharat Ratna and then became the third President to receive the highest civilian honor after Dr. Sarvapali Radhakrishnan in 1954 Dr. Zakir Hussain in 1963.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Kalam was recognized as the People\u2019s President.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to Dr. Kalam, the most difficult decision taken by him as the President was signing the bill of office of Profit.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Over his five-year term, he endured devoted to his vision of transforming India into a developed nation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He was still criticized for his inaction to determine the fate of 20 aid requests out of 21, including that of the Kashmiri Terrorist Afzal Guru, who was convicted for the parliament attacks in December 2001.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He chose not to contest the Presidential election again in 2007 and moved down as the President on 25 July 2007.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Post_Presidency\"><\/span><b>Post Presidency<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Information Technology at the International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, and at Banaras Hindu University and Anna University was developed by Dr. Abdul Kalam.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Abdul Kalam was examined by civil groups over his stand on Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant as he had encouraged the establishment of the nuclear power plant and was accused of not speaking with the local people, in 2011.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With a central idea for defeating corruption, a program named \u2018What Can I Give Movement\u2019 was started for the Indian Youth.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"APJ_Abdul_Kalam_Death\"><\/span><b>A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: Death<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Abdul Kalam was giving a lecture at IIM Shillong where he grieved a heart attack, and his condition became critical, so he was shifted to Bethany Hospital where after that, he died of cardiac arrest, on 27 July 2015. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam\u2019s last words, to Srijan Pal Singh, were \u201cFunny guy! Are you doing well?\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The late president was laid to rest at Rameshwaram\u2019s Pei Karumbu Ground with State honors, on 30 July 2015. About 350,000 people had attended the last ceremony, including the Prime Minister of India, the Governor of Tamil Nadu, and the Chief Minister of Karnataka, Kerala, and Andhra Pradesh.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The most honored death in the country and worldwide is of Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam. World student day is celebrated on his birthday. Abdul Kalam has the best example for a living.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"APJ_Abdul_Kalam_National_Memorial\"><\/span><b>A.P.J. Abdul Kalam National Memorial<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the remembrance of late President Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam, a statue was built on his name at <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pei Karumbu, in the island town of Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, India. It was inaugurated by the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi, on 27 July 2017.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the memorial, numerous models of rockets and missiles are stored which shows the work of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Abdul Kalam. Also, some acrylic paintings about his life are presented along with hundreds <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of portraits that describe the life of Dr. Kalam.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the entrance of the monument, a statue of Dr. Kalam was set showing him playing Veena a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">musical instrument. Including these two more statues are there in sitting and standing posture.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"APJ_Abdul_Kalam_Awards_and_Achievements\"><\/span><b>A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: Awards and Achievements<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 1981, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam received Padma Bhushan from the Govt. of India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 1990, Dr. Kalam received Padma Vibhushan from the Govt. of India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 1994 and 1995, Distinguished Fellow and Honorary Fellow through Institute of Directors India and National Academy of Medical Sciences.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 1997, he got Bharat Ratna from the Government of India and the Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration from the Indian National Congress.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 1998, The Government of India awarded him with the Veer Savarkar Award.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2000, Alwars Research Centre awarded him with the Ramanujan Award, Chennai.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2007, he was acknowledged with the King Charles II Medal by the Royal Society, U.K., and Doctorate of Science from the University of Wolverhampton, UK.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2008, he got the Hoover Medal bestowed by ASME Foundation, USA, and obtained a Doctor of Engineering from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2009, The California Institute of Technology, U.S.A, bestowed Kalam with the International von Karman Wings Award, Hoover Medal by ASME Foundation, USA, and Honorary Doctorate by Oakland University.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2010, Doctor of Engineering via the University of Waterloo.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2011, The IEEE acknowledged Kalam with IEEE Honorary Membership.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2012, Doctor of Laws by Simon Fraser University.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2013, The National Space Society awarded him with the Von Braun Award.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2014, Doctor of Science via Edinburgh University, UK.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Kalam was the receiver of privileged doctorates from 40 universities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Kalam\u2019s 79th birthday was known as World Student\u2019s Day by the United Nations. He was further chosen for the MTV Youth Icon of the Year in 2003 and 2006.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Following his death, he took several donations like the Tamil Nadu State Government on 15 October that is on his birthday declared to be recognized across the state as \u201cYouth Renaissance Day\u201d. Moreover, the State Government instituted the Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam Award organizing an 8 gm gold medal, a certificate, and Rs 500,000.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On Independence Day, from 2015, the award will be bestowed annually to the citizens of the state with the achievements in strengthening scientific growth, the humanities, or the well-being of students.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Not only this, on 15 October 2015 the 84th anniversary of Kalam\u2019s birth, Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister of India also delivered postage stamps honoring Kalam at DRDO Bhawan in New Delhi.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A new bacterium as the filters of the International Space Station (ISS) called it Solibacillus Kalami to acknowledge the late President Dr. Abdul Kalam was determined by the Researchers at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"APJ_Abdul_Kalam_Educational_and_Scientific_Institutions\"><\/span><b>A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: Educational and Scientific Institutions<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Numerous educational, scientific institutions and some places are named in honor of Dr. Abdul Kalam. They are as listed below:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At A.P.J. Abdul Kalam\u2019s funeral, By the Bihar State Govt., an agricultural college at Kishanganj, in Bihar, was renamed as the <\/span><b>\u201cDr. Kalam Agricultural College, Kishanganj\u201d.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPTU (i.e. Uttar Pradesh Technical University) was renamed <\/span><b>\u201cA.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University\u201d<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> via the Uttar Pradesh state govt.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Kollam city, Kerala, Abdul Kalam Memorial Travancore Institute of Digestive Diseases, a new research institute, is associated with the Travancore Medical College Hospital.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In September 2014, India and the US started the Fulbright-Kalam Climate Fellowship. The fellowship will be managed by the binational US-India Educational Foundation (USIEF) following the Fulbright program.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Headquartered at Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Technological University, where Kalam lived for years, that was renamed to A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technological University later his death.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"APJ_Abdul_Kalam_Books\"><\/span><b>A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Books<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"wptb-container-legacy\" data-table-id=\"1446\">\n    <table class=\"wptb-preview-table wptb-element-main-table_setting-startedid-0\" data-reconstraction=\"1\" style=\"border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-image: initial;\" data-wptb-table-tds-sum-max-width=\"232\" data-wptb-cells-width-auto-count=\"2\" role=\"table\" data-table-columns=\"2\"><tbody><tr class=\"wptb-row\"><td class=\"wptb-cell\" data-y-index=\"0\" data-x-index=\"0\" style=\"border-width: 1px; padding: 8px;\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\"><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-1\"><div class=\"\" style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Year<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell\" data-y-index=\"0\" data-x-index=\"1\" style=\"border-width: 1px; padding: 8px;\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\"><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-2\"><div class=\"\" style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Name of the Books<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"wptb-row\"><td class=\"wptb-cell\" data-y-index=\"1\" data-x-index=\"0\" style=\"border-width: 1px; padding: 8px;\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\"><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-3\"><div class=\"\" style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\">2015<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell\" data-y-index=\"1\" data-x-index=\"1\" style=\"border-width: 1px; padding: 8px;\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\"><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-4\"><div class=\"\" style=\"position: relative;\"><p>Advantage India: From Challenge to Opportunity by A.P.J. Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh, Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji (co-authored with Arun Tiwari,) and Reignited: Scientific Pathways to a Brighter Future by A.P.J. Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"wptb-row\"><td class=\"wptb-cell\" data-y-index=\"2\" data-x-index=\"0\" style=\"border-width: 1px; padding: 8px;\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\"><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-5\"><div class=\"\" style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\">2014<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell\" data-y-index=\"2\" data-x-index=\"1\" style=\"border-width: 1px; padding: 8px;\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\"><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-6\"><div class=\"\" style=\"position: relative;\"><p>Governance for growth in India and - A Manifesto for Change: A Sequel to India 2020 (co-authored with V. Ponraj, 2014)<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"wptb-row\"><td class=\"wptb-cell\" data-y-index=\"3\" data-x-index=\"0\" style=\"border-width: 1px; padding: 8px;\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\"><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-7\"><div class=\"\" style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\">2013<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell\" data-y-index=\"3\" data-x-index=\"1\" style=\"border-width: 1px; padding: 8px;\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\"><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-8\"><div class=\"\" style=\"position: relative;\"><p>My Journey: Transforming Dreams into Actions<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"wptb-row\"><td class=\"wptb-cell\" data-y-index=\"4\" data-x-index=\"0\" style=\"border-width: 1px; padding: 8px;\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\"><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-9\"><div class=\"\" style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\">2012<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell\" data-y-index=\"4\" data-x-index=\"1\" style=\"border-width: 1px; padding: 8px;\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\"><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-10\"><div class=\"\" style=\"position: relative;\"><p>Turning Points: A Journey Through Challenges<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"wptb-row\"><td class=\"wptb-cell\" data-y-index=\"5\" data-x-index=\"0\" style=\"border-width: 1px; padding: 8px;\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\"><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-11\"><div class=\"\" style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\">2011<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell\" data-y-index=\"5\" data-x-index=\"1\" style=\"border-width: 1px; padding: 8px;\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\"><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-12\"><div class=\"\" style=\"position: relative;\"><p>You Are Born To Blossom: Take My Journey Beyond (co-authored with Arun Tiwari, Envisioning an Empowered Nation and Target 3 Billion by A.P.J. Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"wptb-row\"><td class=\"wptb-cell\" data-y-index=\"6\" data-x-index=\"0\" style=\"border-width: 1px; padding: 8px;\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\"><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-13\"><div class=\"\" style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\">2007<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell\" data-y-index=\"6\" data-x-index=\"1\" style=\"border-width: 1px; padding: 8px;\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\"><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-14\"><div class=\"\" style=\"position: relative;\"><p>Inspiring Thoughts<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"wptb-row\"><td class=\"wptb-cell\" data-y-index=\"7\" data-x-index=\"0\" style=\"border-width: 1px; padding: 8px;\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\"><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-15\"><div class=\"\" style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\">2005<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell\" data-y-index=\"7\" data-x-index=\"1\" style=\"border-width: 1px; padding: 8px;\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\"><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-16\"><div class=\"\" style=\"position: relative;\"><p>Mission India<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"wptb-row\"><td class=\"wptb-cell\" data-y-index=\"8\" data-x-index=\"0\" style=\"border-width: 1px; padding: 8px;\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\"><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-17\"><div class=\"\" style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\">2004<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell\" data-y-index=\"8\" data-x-index=\"1\" style=\"border-width: 1px; padding: 8px;\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\"><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-18\"><div class=\"\" style=\"position: relative;\"><p>The Luminous Sparks<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"wptb-row\"><td class=\"wptb-cell\" data-y-index=\"9\" data-x-index=\"0\" style=\"border-width: 1px; padding: 8px;\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\"><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-19\"><div class=\"\" style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\">2002<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell\" data-y-index=\"9\" data-x-index=\"1\" style=\"border-width: 1px; padding: 8px;\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\"><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-20\"><div class=\"\" style=\"position: relative;\"><p>Ignited Minds: Unleashing the power within India tells about the dream of Dr. Kalam for Developed India.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"wptb-row\"><td class=\"wptb-cell\" data-y-index=\"10\" data-x-index=\"0\" style=\"border-width: 1px; padding: 8px;\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\"><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-21\"><div class=\"\" style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\">1998<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell\" data-y-index=\"10\" data-x-index=\"1\" style=\"border-width: 1px; padding: 8px;\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\"><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-22\"><div class=\"\" style=\"position: relative;\"><p>India 2020:A Vision for the New Millennium (co-authored Yagnaswami Sundara Raja)<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"wptb-row\"><td class=\"wptb-cell\" data-y-index=\"11\" data-x-index=\"0\" style=\"border-width: 1px; padding: 8px;\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\"><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-23\"><div class=\"\" style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\">1999<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell\" data-y-index=\"11\" data-x-index=\"1\" style=\"border-width: 1px; padding: 8px;\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\"><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-24\"><div class=\"\" style=\"position: relative;\"><p>Wings of Fire: An Autobiography<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Biographies_on_APJ_Abdul_Kalam\"><\/span><b>Biographies on A.P.J. Abdul Kalam<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"wptb-container-legacy\" data-table-id=\"1445\">\n    <table class=\"wptb-preview-table wptb-element-main-table_setting-startedid-0\" data-reconstraction=\"1\" style=\"border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-image: initial;\" data-wptb-table-tds-sum-max-width=\"232\" data-wptb-cells-width-auto-count=\"2\" role=\"table\" data-table-columns=\"2\"><tbody><tr class=\"wptb-row\"><td class=\"wptb-cell\" data-y-index=\"0\" data-x-index=\"0\" style=\"border-width: 1px; padding: 8px;\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\"><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-1\"><div class=\"\" style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Year<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell\" data-y-index=\"0\" data-x-index=\"1\" style=\"border-width: 1px; padding: 8px;\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\"><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-2\"><div class=\"\" style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Biographies<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"wptb-row\"><td class=\"wptb-cell\" data-y-index=\"1\" data-x-index=\"0\" style=\"border-width: 1px; padding: 8px;\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\"><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-5\"><div class=\"\" style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\">2009<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell\" data-y-index=\"1\" data-x-index=\"1\" style=\"border-width: 1px; padding: 8px;\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\"><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-3\"><div class=\"\" style=\"position: relative;\"><p>\u2018My Days With Mahatma Abdul Kalam\u2019 ( by Fr A K George).<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"wptb-row\"><td class=\"wptb-cell\" data-y-index=\"2\" data-x-index=\"0\" style=\"border-width: 1px; padding: 8px;\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\"><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-6\"><div class=\"\" style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\">2008<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell\" data-y-index=\"2\" data-x-index=\"1\" style=\"border-width: 1px; padding: 8px;\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\"><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-4\"><div class=\"\" style=\"position: relative;\"><p>A Little Dream (Documentary film) by P. Dhanapal and The Kalam Effect: My Years with the President by PM Nair.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"wptb-row\"><td class=\"wptb-cell\" data-y-index=\"3\" data-x-index=\"0\" style=\"border-width: 1px; padding: 8px;\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\"><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-7\"><div class=\"\" style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\">2002<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell\" data-y-index=\"3\" data-x-index=\"1\" style=\"border-width: 1px; padding: 8px;\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\"><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-8\"><div class=\"\" style=\"position: relative;\"><p>A.P.J.Abdul Kalam: The Visionary of India by K Bhushan and G Katyal, President A.P.J. Abdul Kalam by R K Pruthi and Eternal Quest: Life and Times of Dr. Kalam by S Chandra.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"APJ_Abdul_Kalam_Legacy\"><\/span><b>A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: Legacy<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Abdul Kalam was the youngest child in his family and was confined to his parents and his brothers and sisters. He never married and assisted his relatives whole life. He had a few properties including veena and a collection of books. Dr. Abdul Kalam was a kind-hearted man, a vegetarian.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He would do namaaz every day but also read Bhagwat Gita. For him, religion was a private matter, and used to insist that one should not make it a matter of ceremony and show. He used to say in your dealings with the society you have to be a humanist. Dr. Kalam often used to cite the story of how his mentor Vikram Sarabhai required church land for scientific research and got it because the bishop believed that both science and spirituality ask the Almighty\u2019s blessings for human success, mind, and body.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While giving a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong on 27 July 2015, he failed and was rushed to the Bethany Hospital, where he was confirmed dead of cardiac arrest and on 30 July 2015 last rituals were performed at Pei Karumbu Island, Rameswaram.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was acknowledged with many prestigious awards including India\u2019s highest civilian honor \u201cBharat Ratna\u201d in the year 1997. Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was the 11th President of India, who was elected against Lakshmi Sehgal in the year 2002. Before taking administration as the President of India. He worked with a space organization, &#8230; <a title=\"Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam &#8211; The Missile Man of India\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/dr-apj-abdul-kalam\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam &#8211; The Missile Man of India\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[55],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1444","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-the-greatest-indian"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1444","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1444"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1444\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1447,"href":"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1444\/revisions\/1447"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1444"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1444"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1444"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}