{"id":6081,"date":"2025-02-17T00:49:31","date_gmt":"2025-02-16T19:19:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/?p=6081"},"modified":"2025-02-24T00:09:27","modified_gmt":"2025-02-23T18:39:27","slug":"weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"Current Affairs (17th-23rd February): International Classification of Diseases, Exercise Komodo &#038; more"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Welcome to SaralStudy\u2019s Weekly Current Affairs roundup for the week of 17th to 23rd February. This week witnessed several noteworthy events shaping the political, economic, and scientific landscapes globally and nationally. From major government announcements and international developments to achievements in sports, technology, and culture, we\u2019ve compiled all the essential updates to help you stay informed.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Weekly_Current_Affairs_%E2%80%93_17_Feb_to_23_Feb\" >Weekly Current Affairs &#8211; 17 Feb to 23 Feb<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#lasso_rel%E2%80%9Damazon-5%E2%80%B3_id%E2%80%9D5525%E2%80%B3\" >[lasso rel=&#8221;amazon-5&#8243; id=&#8221;5525&#8243;]<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#1_International_Classification_of_Diseases\" >1. International Classification of Diseases<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Importance_of_ICD\" >Importance of ICD<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Uses_of_ICD\" >Uses of ICD<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Implementation_of_ICD_in_India\" >Implementation of ICD in India<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Features_of_the_new_update\" >Features of the new update<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Impact_of_ICD\" >Impact of ICD<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Digital_Future\" >Digital Future<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Availability_of_ICD-11\" >Availability of ICD-11<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQ\" >Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#2_Exercise_Komodo\" >2. Exercise Komodo<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#History_of_Exercise_Komodo\" >History of Exercise Komodo<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Objective_of_the_Exercise\" >Objective of the Exercise<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Highlights_of_the_Exercise\" >Highlights of the Exercise<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Participating_Countries\" >Participating Countries<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Benefits_of_the_exercise\" >Benefits of the exercise<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#3_Yamuna_River\" >3. Yamuna River<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Introduction_to_Yamuna_River\" >Introduction to Yamuna River<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Route_of_the_Yamuna_River\" >Route of the Yamuna River<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Tributaries_of_the_Yamuna_River\" >Tributaries of the Yamuna River<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Pollution_of_Yamuna_River\" >Pollution of Yamuna River<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Cleaning_Campaigns\" >Cleaning Campaigns<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Need_for_conservation_of_Yamuna_river\" >Need for conservation of Yamuna river<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#4_NAKSHA_Program\" >4. NAKSHA Program<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Introduction_to_NAKSHA_Program\" >Introduction to NAKSHA Program<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Benefits_of_the_Program\" >Benefits of the Program<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Technological_Aspects\" >Technological Aspects<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Role_of_Survey_of_India\" >Role of Survey of India<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Development_of_Platform\" >Development of Platform<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Role_of_States_and_Union_Territories\" >Role of States and Union Territories<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#FAQs_Related_to_NAKSHA_Programme\" >FAQs Related to NAKSHA Programme<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#5_Souparnika_River\" >5. Souparnika River<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Introduction_to_Souparnika_River\" >Introduction to Souparnika River<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Religious_Significance\" >Religious Significance<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Geographical_Feature\" >Geographical Feature<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Causes_of_Pollution\" >Causes of Pollution<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Environmental_Impacts\" >Environmental Impacts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Conservation_Measures\" >Conservation Measures<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#FAQs_Related_to_Souparnica_River\" >FAQs Related to Souparnica River<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#6_National_Dam_Safety_Authority_NDSA\" >6. National Dam Safety Authority (NDSA)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Objective_of_NDSA\" >Objective of NDSA<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Major_Functions_of_NDSA\" >Major Functions of NDSA<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Awareness_Activities_of_NDSA\" >Awareness Activities of NDSA<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Standards_Developed_by_NDSA\" >Standards Developed by NDSA<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Importance_of_NDSA\" >Importance of NDSA<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#FAQs_of_NDSA\" >FAQs of NDSA<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#7_Nuclear_Fusion\" >7. Nuclear Fusion<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#What_is_Nuclear_Fusion\" >What is Nuclear Fusion ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#What_are_tokamaks\" >What are tokamaks?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Advantages_of_Fusion_Energy\" >Advantages of Fusion Energy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-52\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#FAQs_related_to_Nuclear_Fusion\" >FAQs related to Nuclear Fusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-53\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#8_OPEC\" >8. OPEC+<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-54\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#About_OPEC\" >About OPEC+<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-55\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Emergence_of_OPEC\" >Emergence of OPEC+<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-56\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Members_of_OPEC\" >Members of OPEC+<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-57\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Benefits_of_OPEC\" >Benefits of OPEC+<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-58\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Related_Information\" >Related Information<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-59\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs_Related_to_OPEC\" >Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Related to OPEC+<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-60\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#9_Advocate-on-Record\" >9. Advocate-on-Record<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-61\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Introduction_to_Advocate-on-Record\" >Introduction to Advocate-on-Record<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-62\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Requirements_to_become_an_AoR\" >Requirements to become an AoR<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-63\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Roles_and_Responsibilities_of_Advocate-on-Record\" >Roles and Responsibilities of Advocate-on-Record<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-64\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#FAQs_Related_to_Advocate-on-Record\" >FAQs Related to Advocate-on-Record<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-65\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Related_Information-2\" >Related Information<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-66\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/#Tips_for_legal_professionals\" >Tips for legal professionals<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Weekly_Current_Affairs_%E2%80%93_17_Feb_to_23_Feb\"><\/span>Weekly Current Affairs &#8211; 17 Feb to 23 Feb<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Whether you\u2019re preparing for competitive exams or just want to stay updated with the latest happenings, this comprehensive summary has got you covered. Dive in and keep yourself ahead with the key highlights of this week!<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"lasso_rel%E2%80%9Damazon-5%E2%80%B3_id%E2%80%9D5525%E2%80%B3\"><\/span>[lasso rel=&#8221;amazon-5&#8243; id=&#8221;5525&#8243;]<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_International_Classification_of_Diseases\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1. International Classification of Diseases<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently released the 2025 version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) . This update is an important tool for healthcare professionals , providing standardization for diagnosing, reporting , and monitoring diseases , injuries and causes of death . In this article , we will discuss the importance of ICD-11 , its usage , its implementation in India and the features of the new update in detail .<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Importance_of_ICD\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Importance of ICD<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is the basis for identifying health trends and statistics. It is an important part of WHO&#8217;s Fourteenth General Work Programme , which helps accelerate progress towards the health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) . The ICD is used to standardize health data globally, allowing the quality and effectiveness of healthcare services in different countries to be measured.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uses_of_ICD\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Uses of ICD<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ICD is used in a variety of ways :<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Identification of diseases and causes of death:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ICD provides information on human disease and causes of death. This data is important for health care systems, as it helps in understanding trends of diseases and their impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Health recording and statistics: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ICD coding is used for health recording and statistics in primary, secondary and tertiary care. It helps health professionals to identify and treat diseases .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Policy decision making:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ICD data is used in the development of health policies and programs. It helps governments and health organizations to plan health services and allocate resources .<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Implementation_of_ICD_in_India\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Implementation of ICD in India<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In India, the Central Bureau of Health Intelligence (CBHI) serves as a WHO collaborating centre. CBHI conducts ICD-related activities and assists in health data collection and analysis. The implementation of ICD in India plays a vital role in strengthening the health care system and improving the identification of diseases .<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Features_of_the_new_update\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Features of the new update<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The 2025 update of ICD-11 comes with several new features, making it even more effective :<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) : <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The new update uses NLP technology, which helps health professionals identify and code diseases . This makes the process more accurate and faster .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>API-based coding: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ICD-11 now supports API-based coding , allowing health data to be easily shared and integrated. This facilitates data flow between health systems .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Multilingual expansion:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ICD-11 is now available in 14 languages, increasing its reach globally. This makes it more accessible to health professionals in different countries.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>New module for traditional medical conditions:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The new update includes a new module for traditional medical conditions, which helps identify diseases from different cultural backgrounds.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Impact_of_ICD\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Impact of ICD<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The ICD classification influences society&#8217;s attitudes and behavior towards health care. It not only helps in identifying diseases, but also impacts health insurance and social security. Through ICD, health professionals get more accuracy in identifying and treating diseases, leading to better care for patients.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Digital_Future\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Digital Future<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The ICD-11 promotes global health communication. Designed with FHIR API integration and advanced natural language processing (NLP), it makes the management of health data more effective. It also contributes to the development of digital health solutions, improving the quality of healthcare services.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Availability_of_ICD-11\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Availability of ICD-11<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The ICD-11 is now available in 14 languages, continuing to expand to improve global access. It is an important resource for health professionals and researchers, who can access information in different languages. The WHO aims to standardize health data across all countries, so that global health trends can be accuratel assessed.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQ\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><b>Que. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Who published ICD?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Ans. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is published by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is an important tool for standardizing health data.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Que. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What are the 5 levels of diseases?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Ans. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The natural history of diseases is classified into five levels: underlying, sensitive, subclinical, clinical, and recovery\/disabled\/death.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Que. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What is the International Classification of Diseases?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Ans. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is used to standardize mortality (death) statistics. It helps in the identification and treatment of diseases in health care systems.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Exercise_Komodo\"><\/span>2. <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exercise Komodo<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exercise Komodo, hosted by the Indonesian Navy, is an important multidisciplinary naval exercise that has been conducted since 2014 to promote maritime cooperation. The exercise is aimed at strengthening maritime interoperability and regional security cooperation among friendly countries. The theme of this year is \u201cMaritime Partnership for Peace and Stability\u201d, which further enhances the importance of this exercise.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"History_of_Exercise_Komodo\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">History of Exercise Komodo<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exercise Komodo started in 2014 , and since then it has become an important platform where navies of different countries come together to focus on maritime security and cooperation. This exercise not only provides an opportunity to showcase military capabilities , but it also promotes mutual understanding and cooperation among countries .<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Objective_of_the_Exercise\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Objective of the Exercise<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The main objective of Exercise Komodo is to enhance maritime interoperability and strengthen regional security cooperation. The exercise brings together navies of different countries to share their experiences with each other and discuss maritime security issues .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The theme of this year is \u201cMaritime Partnership for Peace and Stability\u201d, which reflects how countries should work together to ensure maritime security. The theme emphasizes that all countries have to work together to maintain peace and stability in the maritime domain .<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Highlights_of_the_Exercise\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Highlights of the Exercise<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This year&#8217;s exercise is being held for the fifth time and includes several important activities:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Fleet Review:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The exercise began with a fleet review, in which the participating countries showcased their naval capabilities. It included warships, helicopters and aircraft, which were prepared for a variety of maritime operations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Naval Exercises<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: This year&#8217;s exercise includes a variety of naval exercises, designed to promote maritime security and cooperation . These exercises test the response capability of naval forces in different situations .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Officer Exchange Forum:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> An Officer Exchange Forum was held during the exercise, which was attended by naval officers from various countries . The aim of this forum was to share experiences and discuss maritime security issues .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Bilateral Meetings :<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Bilateral meetings were also held during the exercise, where naval forces from various countries discussed ways of cooperation with each other .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>International Maritime Security Seminar :<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This seminar discussed various aspects of maritime security, including maritime terrorism, piracy, and other security challenges .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Defence Exhibition:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> A defence exhibition was organised during the exercise, in which various countries showcased their defence equipment and technologies .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Cultural Parade:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> A cultural parade was organised at the end of the exercise, showcasing the cultural diversity of the participating countries . This parade promotes cultural exchange between countries.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Participating_Countries\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Participating Countries<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A total of 39 countries participated in this year&#8217;s exercise, including 34 foreign and 18 Indonesian Navy warships. This number is an indication of the important role that Exercise Komodo has played in promoting maritime cooperation at the global level .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The participating countries mainly include India, the US, Japan, Australia, and many other friendly nations. The participation of these countries reflects how important global cooperation is on the issue of maritime security.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Benefits_of_the_exercise\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Benefits of the exercise<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exercise Komodo has many benefits, which make it an important platform:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Improvement in maritime security:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This exercise promotes maritime security among countries, thereby maintaining peace and stability in the maritime domain.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Experience sharing:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Navies of different countries share their experiences, giving all countries an opportunity to adopt new technologies and strategies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Cultural exchange:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Cultural exchange takes place between countries through cultural parades and other activities, which promotes mutual understanding.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Collective response capability<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Collective response capability is tested in different situations during the exercise, helping countries to prepare better in emergency situations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Que<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> When did Exercise Komodo begin?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Ans<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Exercise Komodo began in 2014.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Que<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> How many countries participated in this year&#8217;s exercise?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Ans<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 39 countries participated in this year&#8217;s exercise.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Que<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> What is the theme of this year?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Ans<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The theme of this year is &#8220;Maritime Partnership for Peace and Stability&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Que<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> What activities were included during the exercise?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Ans<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The exercise included fleet review, naval exercises, officer exchange forum, bilateral meetings, international maritime security seminar, defense exhibition, and cultural parade.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Que<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> What is the main objective of Exercise Komodo?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Ans<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Its main objective is to enhance maritime interoperability and regional security cooperation.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Yamuna_River\"><\/span>3. <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yamuna River<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Yamuna River also known as Jumna , is one of the major rivers of India and is the largest tributary of the Ganges River. This river not only holds religious significance but is also the basis of life for millions of people . However the Yamuna River is facing a serious problem of pollution , which is negatively impacting its ecosystem and local communities. In this article , we will discuss the Yamuna River in detail, focusing on the causes of its pollution , cleaning campaigns and the need for its conservation .<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction_to_Yamuna_River\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Introduction to Yamuna River<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Yamuna River originates from the Yamunotri Glacier in the high Himalayas , located at an altitude of 4421 m. The river is 1376 km long and flows only in India , passing through the states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana. The course of the Yamuna River starts from the foothills of the Himalayas and it passes through Delhi to meet the Ganges River at Prayagraj (Allahabad) .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Origin:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Yamuna River originates from the Yamunotri Glacier, making it an important water source.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Importance :<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Yamuna River is not only a source of water supply, but it is also important for agriculture, industry, and domestic use .<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Route_of_the_Yamuna_River\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Route of the Yamuna River<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The route of the Yamuna River starts from Uttarakhand and passes through Uttar Pradesh and Haryana to reach Delhi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Uttarakhand:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Yamuna River flows rapidly in Uttarakhand and enters the foothills of the Himalayas .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Delhi: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Delhi, the Yamuna River provides water to many important canals, such as the Agra Canal.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Prayagraj:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Yamuna River meets the Ganges River at Prayagraj, where its confluence is called the Triveni Sangam. This place is extremely sacred for Hindus and major religious events like the Kumbh Mela are held here.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tributaries_of_the_Yamuna_River\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tributaries of the Yamuna River<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Yamuna River has many tributaries, which provide it water.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Tons River:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Near Dehradun, the Yamuna meets its largest tributary, the Tons River.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Chambal River:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Chambal River is the largest tributary of Yamuna, flowing on the right side .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Other Tributaries<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Other important tributaries of Yamuna are: Hindon, Sarda, and Giri (right side) and Betwa and Sindh (left side).<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pollution_of_Yamuna_River\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pollution of Yamuna River<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yamuna River is facing a serious problem of pollution, which is negatively affecting its ecosystem and local communities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Causes of Pollution<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Industrial waste, domestic filth, and agricultural chemicals flowing into the Yamuna river are polluting the waters of Yamuna River.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Effects on Health: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Using the polluted waters of Yamuna is seriously affecting the health of local people, leading to the spread of water-borne diseases.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Effects on Ecosystem :<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Pollution is causing imbalance in the ecosystem of the river, negatively affecting aquatic life .<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cleaning_Campaigns\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cleaning Campaigns<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Several cleaning campaigns are being conducted to reduce the pollution of Yamuna River .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Government efforts: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The central and state governments are running various schemes and programmes for cleaning the Yamuna river.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Role of local bodies :<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Local bodies and non-governmental organisations have also actively participated in the cleaning campaigns .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Challenges of cleaning: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Several challenges are faced during the cleaning campaigns, such as lack of resources, lack of public awareness, and lack of political will .<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Need_for_conservation_of_Yamuna_river\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Need for conservation of Yamuna river<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The conservation of Yamuna river is extremely necessary so that it remains safe and clean for future generations .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Public awareness:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It is necessary to make people aware of the importance of Yamuna river and its conservation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Sustainable development:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Sustainable development plans should be made in the areas around the river so that water sources can be conserved.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Government policies:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The government should make and implement concrete policies for the conservation of Yamuna river.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_NAKSHA_Program\"><\/span>4. <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NAKSHA Program<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As India&#8217;s urbanization rate rises rapidly, precise records of land ownership and administration are becoming crucial . The &#8220;NAKSHA&#8221; program was introduced by the Indian government as an important step in this direction. The Land Survey of Urban Habitations launched this nationwide program with the goal of creating reliable and accurate land records in urban areas .<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction_to_NAKSHA_Program\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Introduction to NAKSHA Program<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NAKSHA or the &#8220;National Geospatial Knowledge-based Land Survey of Urban Habitations&#8221; program is a comprehensive initiative to create and update land records in urban areas .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Objective : <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The main objective of this program is to ensure accurate and reliable documentation of land ownership .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Significance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Accurate land records not only empower citizens , but it also improves urban planning and reduces land-related disputes .<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Benefits_of_the_Program\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Benefits of the Program<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The NAKSHA program has several significant benefits , making it an essential initiative :<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Empowering Citizens:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Accurate land records make citizens aware of their rights and empower them in matters of land ownership.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Improving Quality of Life :<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> When land records are accurate it helps in urban growth and infrastructure development thereby improving the quality of life of citizens .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I<\/span><b>mproving Urban Planning :<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Accurate land records help urban planners make better decisions, making the development of cities more organized and planned .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Reducing Land-Related Disputes :<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> When land ownership records are clear and accurate the chances of land disputes are reduced , leading to a reduction in legal processes.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Technological_Aspects\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Technological Aspects<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Technological aspects play a vital role in the NAKSHA program.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>IT-based System:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> An IT-based system will be developed for property record administration, which will promote transparency and efficiency.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Support Sustainable Development:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This system will not only meet the present needs but will also provide a strong foundation for urban development in the future.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Role_of_Survey_of_India\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Role of Survey of India<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The role of Survey of India is extremely important in the NAKSHA programme.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Technical Partner: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Survey of India is the technical partner of this programme, which will conduct aerial surveys and provide orthorectified imagery to the States and Union Territories.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Aerial Survey:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Survey of India will ensure the accuracy of land through aerial surveys, thereby updating the land records.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Development_of_Platform\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Development of Platform<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A web-GIS platform will be developed under the NAKSHA programme .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Role of MPSEDC :<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Madhya Pradesh State Electronic Development Corporation (MPSEDC) will develop this platform which will provide users with easy access to land records.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Contribution of NICSI: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">National Informatics Centre Services (NICSI) will provide storage facilities, which will keep the data secure and accessible.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Role_of_States_and_Union_Territories\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Role of States and Union Territories<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The role of States and Union Territories is also crucial for the successful implementation of the NAKSHA programme.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Field Survey:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> States and Union Territories will have to conduct field surveys and ground truthing, ensuring the accuracy of land records .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Final Publication: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These surveys will result in the final publication of urban and semi-urban land records, which will be available to citizens.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs_Related_to_NAKSHA_Programme\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FAQs Related to NAKSHA Programme<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><b>Question 1:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> What is geospatial?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Answer:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Geospatial technology refers to a range of modern tools that contribute to the geographic mapping and analysis of the Earth and human societies .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Question 2:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> What does the Survey of India do?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Answer:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Survey of India advises the Government of India on all survey matters such as geodesy, photogrammetry, mapping and map reproduction .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Question 3:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Where is the headquarters of the Survey of India located ?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Answer<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The headquarters of Survey of India is located in Dehradun, Uttarakhand.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Souparnika_River\"><\/span>5. <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Souparnika River <\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Souparnika River in Karnataka which flows through the lush forests of the Western Ghats has been in the news in recent times due to the rising levels of pollution . Environmentalists have raised their voices for the conservation of this river which is not only affecting the local ecosystem but is also negatively impacting the lives of the residents of the region .<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction_to_Souparnika_River\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Introduction to Souparnika River<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Souparnika River is a major west-flowing river flowing in Karnataka .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Geographical Location:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The river is surrounded by the lush forests of the Western Ghats giving it a unique ecosystem.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Origin:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Souparnika River originates from the Kodachadri Hills which is a famous tourist destination.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Route:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The river flows through Byndoor taluk and passes near the famous Mookambika Temple eventually emptying into the Arabian Sea.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Religious_Significance\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Religious Significance<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Souparnika River is deeply connected to Hindu mythology.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Legend:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It is believed that Garuda, the vehicle of Lord Vishnu, meditated on the banks of this river. This is why it was named &#8220;Souparnika&#8221; derived from &#8220;Suparna&#8221; another name for Garuda .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Spiritual Significance : <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The river holds religious significance for the locals and many religious rituals and prayers are performed here.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Geographical_Feature\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Geographical Feature<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Souparnika River has a unique feature that makes it different from other rivers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Maravanthe Beach :<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Souparnika River flows parallel to the Arabian Sea near the Maravanthe Beach, separated by a narrow piece of land .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Visual Beauty: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This rare geographical phenomenon presents a picturesque landscape, making it a popular spot for tourists and photographers.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Causes_of_Pollution\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Causes of Pollution<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although the Souparnica River is of immense importance, it has been facing increasing levels of pollution in recent years.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Industrial Waste: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wastes from nearby industries are directly falling into the river, causing deterioration in the water quality.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Domestic Waste: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The habit of local residents to throw garbage into the river is also a major cause of pollution.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Agricultural Chemicals: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The flow of chemicals used in agriculture is also polluting the river water, negatively affecting the aquatic life.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Environmental_Impacts\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Environmental Impacts<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The increasing pollution in the Souparnica River is having a serious impact on the environment .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Aquatic Life : <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The animals and plants living in the river are being affected due to pollution, causing imbalance in the ecosystem .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Health Impacts : <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The health of local residents using the river water is also being negatively affected leading to the spread of water-borne diseases.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Local Economy: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The tourism industry is also getting affected due to the pollution of the river, which is harming the local economy .<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conservation_Measures\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conservation Measures<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are many measures that can be taken to conserve the Souparnica River.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Public Awareness:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It is necessary to make the local residents aware of the importance of the river and its conservation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Government Initiatives:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The government should take concrete steps to prevent the pollution of the river, such as proper arrangements for industrial waste management and garbage disposal.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Cleanliness Drive : <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Involve local communities in cleanliness drives, so that garbage can be removed from the river banks .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Compliance of Rules: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Motivate the industries around the river to follow strict rules, so that they can manage their waste properly.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs_Related_to_Souparnica_River\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FAQs Related to Souparnica River<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Question 1 : Where is Souparnica River located ?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Answer : Souparnica River is located in the Udupi district of Karnataka and flows through the lush forests of the Western Ghats .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Question 2: Where is Maravanthe Beach ?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Answer : Maravanthe Beach is in Udupi district of Karnataka located near the Souparnika River.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Question 3 : What are the tributaries of the Souparnika River ?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Answer : The tributaries of the Souparnika River include Varahi, Kedaka, Chakra and Kubja which together form the Panchagangavalli River .<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_National_Dam_Safety_Authority_NDSA\"><\/span>6. <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">National Dam Safety Authority (NDSA)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Management and safety of water resources in India is of utmost importance especially in the context of natural disasters and climate change. With this objective in mind the National Dam Safety Authority (NDSA) has been established. This authority is responsible for the safety of dams and their effective management.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Objective_of_NDSA\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Objective of NDSA<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The National Dam Safety Authority (NDSA) was established by the Central Government in 2021. Its main objective is to ensure the safety of dams and improve the management of water resources .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Establishment:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> NDSA has been constituted under the National Dam Safety Act, 2021 .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Powers:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> NDSA has been given powers to develop policies and guidelines for the construction, maintenance and operation of dams.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Major_Functions_of_NDSA\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Major Functions of NDSA<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The functions of NDSA include several important aspects, which help it play a major role in dam safety:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Regulation and Inspection of Dams: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NDSA monitors the safety of dams and their operation. It ensures that all dams operate safely and effectively as per the standards.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Development of Policies and Guidelines:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> NDSA develops policies and guidelines for the construction and maintenance of dams. These guidelines are essential for dam safety in various states.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Resolution of Disputes Between State Dam Safety Organisations: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NDSA helps resolve any disputes between state dam safety organisations. It ensures that there is dialogue and cooperation between all parties.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Awareness_Activities_of_NDSA\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Awareness Activities of NDSA<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NDSA is not only limited to the safety of dams, but it is also active in making citizens aware about the importance of dam safety:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Education Programmes:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> NDSA organises various programmes to educate citizens about the safety of dams. These programmes provide information to people about the importance of dams and measures to protect them.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Emergency Response Plans:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> In times of natural disasters, NDSA ensures that emergency response plans are ready. These plans are essential for quick and effective action in case of a potential threat to dams.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Standards_Developed_by_NDSA\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Standards Developed by NDSA<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NDSA has developed several standards, which are important in dam safety:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Dam Safety Standards: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NDSA has laid down safety standards for dams, which must be followed during their construction and operation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Water Quality Norms:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> NDSA also develops norms for water quality, which ensure that water resources are used safely and effectively.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Emergency Management Standards: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NDSA develops standards for emergency management, which ensure quick and effective response in times of natural disasters.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Importance_of_NDSA\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Importance of NDSA<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The importance of NDSA is not only limited to dam safety, but it also plays a vital role in the management of water resources:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Conservation of water resources:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> NDSA helps in conserving water resources, thereby reducing water crisis situations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Social security:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ensuring the safety of dams also increases the safety of local communities, especially in areas where dams have been constructed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Economic Development: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Proper management of water resources through safe dams helps in the development of agriculture and industries, thereby promoting economic development.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs_of_NDSA\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FAQs of NDSA<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><b>Q1.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Is the National Dam Safety Authority a statutory body?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Ans.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Yes, the National Dam Safety Authority (NDSA) is a statutory body, established under the National Dam Safety Act, 2021.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Q2.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> How many dams are there in India?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Ans.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> According to the Central Water Commission, there are 5745 dams in India, out of which 5334 are completed and 411 are under construction.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Q3.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Which is the oldest dam in India?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Ans.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Kalnai Dam, also known as the Grand Anicut, is the oldest dam in India.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Nuclear_Fusion\"><\/span>7. <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nuclear Fusion<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recently, an artificial sun, called a nuclear fusion reactor has set a new world record in the field of energy production. This achievement is not only an important milestone in the world of science but it is also a ray of hope for solving the energy crisis in the future.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_Nuclear_Fusion\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What is Nuclear Fusion ?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nuclear fusion is a process in which two lighter atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, producing a vast amount of energy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Process of Energy Production<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> : In this process, the total mass of the resulting nucleus is less than the mass of the original two nuclei. The extra mass is converted into energy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>State of Plasma:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Fusion reactions take place in a special state called plasma. Plasma is a hot, charged gas consisting of positive ions and free electrons. It has special properties different from solids, liquids or gases.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Sun energy:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Sun and all other stars generate energy through this fusion process, which provides us with life-giving energy.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_tokamaks\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What are tokamaks?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tokamaks are devices designed to perform nuclear fusion on Earth.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Artificial Sun:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Tokamaks are often called &#8216;artificial suns&#8217; because these donut-shaped machines mimic the processes that take place in the Sun.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Global operations:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Currently, more than 200 tokamaks operate around the world. Scientific milestones have been achieved in these devices, developing a roadmap for the operation of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), which is under construction in southern France.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Commercial tokamax:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The purpose of a commercial tokamax is to use the thermal energy of the plasma heated by fusion to heat water, create steam and then turn a turbine, which generates electricity.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Advantages_of_Fusion_Energy\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Advantages of Fusion Energy<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nuclear fusion has several advantages, which make it an attractive option for energy production:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Energy production:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Nuclear fusion produces four times more energy than fission. It produces about four million times more energy than burning oil or coal.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Lack of radioactive waste:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The fusion process does not produce any radioactive byproducts that need to be stored. It only generates inert helium and a neutron.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Unlimited fuel supply:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The fuel required for fusion is heavy hydrogen atoms, which are abundantly available on Earth, especially in seawater.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Safety:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Fusion is much safer than fission, as it cannot produce uncontrolled reactions.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs_related_to_Nuclear_Fusion\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FAQs related to Nuclear Fusion<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><b>Q1. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What is the best example of nuclear fusion?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Ans.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Sun is the best example of nuclear fusion, where hydrogen nuclei combine to form helium, producing enormous energy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Q2.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Which is more powerful, fusion or fission?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Ans.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Nuclear fusion is more powerful than nuclear fission because it produces four times more energy per reaction.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Q3<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Is an atomic bomb fission or fusion?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Ans.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> An atomic bomb is produced by nuclear fission, which uses the power produced by the splitting of atomic nuclei.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_OPEC\"><\/span>8. <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">OPEC+<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Brazil has recently announced that it will join OPEC+ (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) . This decision marks a significant shift in the global oil market . OPEC+ is a group consisting of major oil exporting countries that together attempt to control oil production and prices.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_OPEC\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">About OPEC+<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">OPEC is a permanent intergovernmental organization that groups oil exporting countries.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Establishment<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: OPEC was established in 1960, with five founding members: Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Current Members<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: OPEC currently has 12 member countries, including Algeria, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Libya, Nigeria, and the United Arab Emirates.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Headquarters: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The headquarters of OPEC is located in Vienna, Austria.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Composition:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> OPEC+ includes the 12 OPEC member countries as well as other countries such as Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Brunei, Kazakhstan, Russia, Mexico, Malaysia, South Sudan, Sudan, and Oman.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Objective: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The main objective of OPEC+ is to adjust crude oil production to bring stability to the global oil market. The organization holds regular meetings to discuss production levels and prices.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Emergence_of_OPEC\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emergence of OPEC+<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">OPEC+ was formed in late 2016.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Reason for Establishment:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It was decided to institutionalize cooperation between OPEC and non-OPEC countries.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Importance of Cooperation: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The formation of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.opec.org\/opec_web\/en\/?utm_source=saralstudy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">OPEC+<\/a> was necessary to bring stability to the global oil market, especially when oil prices were volatile.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Members_of_OPEC\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Members of OPEC+<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The following is a detailed list of countries included in OPEC+:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>OPEC members:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Kuwait, Iran, United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Nigeria, Libya, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and Venezuela.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Non-OPEC members: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Brunei, Kazakhstan, Russia, Mexico, Malaysia, South Sudan, Sudan, and Oman.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Brazil&#8217;s joining:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Brazil&#8217;s joining OPEC+ will bring a significant change in the composition of this group and strengthen Brazil&#8217;s role in the global oil market.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Benefits_of_OPEC\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Benefits of OPEC+<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are many benefits of joining OPEC+, especially for Brazil:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Stability in the global oil market:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Working together with OPEC+ member countries will help Brazil bring stability to the global oil market.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Adjustment of production level:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Brazil can adjust its oil production level through OPEC+, which will help it get better prices.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>International cooperation: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Joining OPEC+ will give Brazil the opportunity to cooperate with other oil exporting countries, thereby strengthening its oil industry.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Related_Information\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Related Information<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is necessary to pay attention to Brazil&#8217;s relationship with other members of OPEC+ and the role of OPEC+ in the global oil market.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Relationship with other oil exporting countries:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Brazil&#8217;s joining OPEC+ will strengthen its relationship with other oil exporting countries.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Global Oil Market Challenges:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> OPEC+ may have to face many challenges to bring stability in the global oil market, such as environmental concerns and development of alternative energy sources.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thus, Brazil&#8217;s joining OPEC+ is an important step, which will promote stability and cooperation in the global oil market. This decision signals a positive change not just for Brazil, but for the entire region.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs_Related_to_OPEC\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Related to OPEC+<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q1: Where is the headquarters of OPEC?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ans: OPEC is headquartered in Vienna, Austria.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q2: Which countries are included in OPEC+?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ans: OPEC+ includes 12 OPEC member countries as well as Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Brunei, Kazakhstan, Russia, Mexico, Malaysia, South Sudan, Sudan, and Oman.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q3: Why is the US not a part of OPEC?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ans: The US is not a part of OPEC as it is a net importer of oil and is not eligible for its membership.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_Advocate-on-Record\"><\/span>9. <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Advocate-on-Record <\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recently, the Supreme Court of India has given an important judgment stating that the Advocate-on-Record (AoR) can be held responsible for incorrect statements even if the petition is prepared by another lawyer. This judgment is not only important for legal professionals, but it also promotes transparency and responsibility in the judicial process.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction_to_Advocate-on-Record\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Introduction to Advocate-on-Record<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An Advocate-on-Record (AoR) is a special type of lawyer who is empowered to represent his clients in the Supreme Court of India.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Constitutional Provisions:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The concept of AoR was established under Article 145(1) of the Indian Constitution, which empowers the Supreme Court to make rules.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Privileges:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The AoR has the exclusive right to file and conduct cases in the Supreme Court. No other lawyer can appear in a case without the instruction of the AoR.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Requirements_to_become_an_AoR\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Requirements to become an AoR<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are certain special requirements to become an Advocate-on-Record:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Registration with State Bar Council:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The candidate must be registered with any State Bar Council.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Experience:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The candidate must have at least 4 years of prior experience.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Training: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The candidate must undergo 1 year of training under a senior AoR.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Exam: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The candidate must appear in an exam conducted by the Supreme Court.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Office in Delhi: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The candidate must have an office in Delhi within 10 miles of the Supreme Court office.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Roles_and_Responsibilities_of_Advocate-on-Record\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Roles and Responsibilities of Advocate-on-Record<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Advocate-on-Record has several important roles and responsibilities:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Filing Vakalatnama:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Only the AoR has the authority to file a Vakalatnama on behalf of the client. This is an important document that allows the lawyer to represent the client.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Managing legal documents: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The AoR drafts and files all legal documents, including petitions, applications, and other legal documents.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Communication from the court:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> All notices or orders sent by the Supreme Court are sent to the AoR. This ensures that all information reaches the client at the right time.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Personal responsibility:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The AoR is personally responsible for the payment of all court fees and charges. This increases their professional responsibility.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Supreme Court Judgment<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Supreme Court in a recent case made it clear that the AoR can be held responsible for incorrect statements even if the petition is prepared by another lawyer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Judgment Summary:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The court said that the AoR must ensure that all submissions are correct and accurate. If any incorrect information is given, the AoR will be held responsible for it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Impact:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This judgment is an important warning to legal professionals that they should be more cautious about their actions. It promotes transparency and responsibility in the judicial process.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs_Related_to_Advocate-on-Record\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FAQs Related to Advocate-on-Record<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><b>Q1:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> What is the meaning of Advocate-on-Record (AoR)?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Ans:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> An AoR is a legal professional who is empowered to represent clients in the Supreme Court.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Q2:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Is Advocate-on-Record (AoR) a gazetted officer?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Ans<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: No, AoR is not a gazetted officer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Q3: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How many attempts can be made for AoR exam?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Ans:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> A candidate is allowed five attempts to pass the AoR exam.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Related_Information-2\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Related Information<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This decision is important for legal professionals, and it may also impact the roles and responsibilities of other legal professionals.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Roles of other legal professionals &#8211; Assistant Advocates:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Assistant Advocates, who work under the AoR, also have to ensure that they provide correct information and follow all legal procedures.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Legal Advisors:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Legal advisors also need to learn from this decision that they should be cautious in giving correct and accurate information to their clients.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Reforms in the judicial system: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This decision is a step towards reforms in the judicial system, which will make all legal professionals realize their responsibilities.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tips_for_legal_professionals\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tips for legal professionals<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Legal professionals should pay attention to some important tips after this decision:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Regular training: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Keep your knowledge updated<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Attend regular training and workshops for legal matters.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Correct documentation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Manage all legal documents correctly and accurately.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Communication with the client:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Maintain regular communication with your clients to keep them informed about the status of their cases.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Adherence to ethics:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Legal professionals must always adhere to ethics and professional standards.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conclusion<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This decision of the Supreme Court clarifies the role and responsibilities of the Advocate-on-Record. It is not only a warning to legal professionals, but it also promotes transparency and responsibility in the judicial process.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Role of legal professionals:<\/strong> After this decision, legal professionals have to be more cautious about their actions and provide the highest level of service to their clients.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Importance of Responsibility<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: This decision ensures that all legal professionals remain responsible for their actions and maintain transparency in the judicial process.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Future direction:<\/strong> This decision will act as a guide for legal professionals in the future, making them more responsible and professional in their actions. After this decision, it is expected that Advocates-on-Record will be more vigilant in their actions and provide the highest level of service to their clients.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thus, the role and responsibilities of the Advocate-on-Record are important not only for legal professionals but also to ensure the quality and transparency of the judicial system.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This decision of the Supreme Court clarifies the responsibilities of the Advocate-on-Record and gives an important message for legal professionals.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Also read:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-10th-16th-feb-2025\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Current Affairs (10th-16th February): Jagannath Temple, Cyclone 2025, R-37M missile <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Welcome to SaralStudy\u2019s Weekly Current Affairs roundup for the week of 17th to 23rd February. This week witnessed several noteworthy events shaping the political, economic, and scientific landscapes globally and nationally. From major government announcements and international developments to achievements in sports, technology, and culture, we\u2019ve compiled all the essential updates to help you stay &#8230; <a title=\"Current Affairs (17th-23rd February): International Classification of Diseases, Exercise Komodo &#038; more\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/weekly-current-affairs-17th-23rd-feb-2025\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Current Affairs (17th-23rd February): International Classification of Diseases, Exercise Komodo &#038; more\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":5515,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1120],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6081","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6081","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6081"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6081\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6256,"href":"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6081\/revisions\/6256"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5515"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6081"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6081"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saralstudy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6081"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}