Explain Polygenic inheritance and Multiple allelism with the help of suitable examples.
Polygenic inheritance: It is the inheritance of a characteristic that is controlled by more than one gene. Polygenic inheritance can produce unexpected phenotypes.Phenotypes that don't fit with Mendel's expected outcomes based on independent assoectment of dominant and recessive alleles.
Two examples of Polygenic inheritance are:
1 Skin colour in humans
2. Height in humans
Multiple allelism: In this more than one alleles governs the same character and phenotype.
Example: Human blood group (ABO system) controlled by three alleles (IA, IB and i)
Fill in the blanks:
(a) Humans reproduce __________. (asexually/sexually)
(b) Humans are__________. (oviparous/viviparous/ovoviviparous)
(c) Fertilization is __________ in humans. (external/internal)
(d) Male and female gametes are __________. (diploid/haploid)
(e) Zygote is __________. (diploid/haploid)
(f) The process of release of the ovum from a mature follicle is called__________.
(g) Ovulation is induced by a hormone called the __________.
(h) The fusion of male and female gametes is called _____________.
(i) Fertilisation takes place in _____________.
(j) Zygote divides to form _____________which is implanted in uterus.
(k) The structure which provides vascular connection between fetus and uterus is called ____________.