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Biotechnology and its Application
Consult internet and find out how to make orally active protein pharma...

Consult internet and find out how to mak | Class 12 Biology Chapter Biotechnology and its Application, Biotechnology and its Application NCERT Solutions

Welcome to the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology - Chapter Biotechnology and its Application. This page offers a step-by-step solution to the specific question from Exercise 1, Question 10: . With detailed answers and explanations for each chapter, students can strengthen their understanding and prepare confidently for exams. Ideal for CBSE and other board students, this resource will simplify your study experience.

Question 10:

Consult internet and find out how to make orally active protein pharmaceutical. What is the major problem to be encountered?

Answer:

Orally active protein pharmaceuticals contain biologically active materials such as peptides or proteins, antibodies, and polymeric beads. It is administrated orally into the body through various formulations. It involves the encapsulation of protein or peptide in liposomes or formulations using penetration enhancers. These proteins or peptides are used for treatment of various diseases and are also used as vaccines. However, the oral administration of these peptides or proteins has some problems related to it. Once these proteins are ingested, the proteases present in the stomach juices denature the protein. As a result, their effect will be nullified. Hence, it is necessary to protect the therapeutic protein from digestive enzymes, if taken orally. This is the reason for the proteins to be injected directly into the target site.How to make:

1. By putting the proteins (eg--insulin) in a tablet whose coating is made of a material that does not get digest in stomachs acidic medium but dissolves in the intestines thus proteins get absorbed in intestine by villi.

2. The way around this is to protect the therapeutic protein with a covering that will dissolve after it has passed through the stomach.

Other Questions of Chapter Biotechnology and its Application

Taking examples under each category, discuss upstream and downstream processing.

Name the first transgenic cow. Which gene was introduced in this cow?

Q: Diagrammatically represent the experimental steps in cloning and expressing an human gene (say the gene for growth hormone) into a bacterium like E. coli ?

Give the full form of ELISA. Which disease can be detected using it? Discuss the principle underlying the test.

Can a disease be detected before its symptoms appear? Explain the principle involved.

Who was the first patient who was given gene therapy? Why was the given treatment recurrent in nature?

Many proteins are secreted in their inactive form. This is also true of many toxic proteins produced by micro organisms. Explain how the mechanism is useful for the organism producing the toxin?

Q: What is gene therapy? Illustrate using the example of adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.

Q: What are transgenic bacteria? Illustrate using any one example.

Q: Can you suggest a method to remove oil (hydrocarbon) from seeds based on your understanding of rDNA technology and chemistry of oil?

Popular questions of class 12 Biology

Q: What is spermatogenesis? Briefly describe the process of spermatogenesis.

Q: Why is reproduction essential for organisms? Answer

Q: Write a short note on
(a) Adaptations of desert plants and animals
(b) Adaptations of plants to water scarcity
(c) Behavioural adaptations in animals
(d) Importance of light to plants
(e) Effect of temperature or water scarcity and the adaptations of animals.

Q: With a neat diagram explain the 7-celled, 8-nucleate nature of the female gametophyte.

Q: What is DNA fingerprinting? Mention its application.

Q: What is oogenesis? Give a brief account of oogenesis.

Q: Describe the structure of a seminiferous tubule.

Q: What is triple fusion? Where and how does it take place? Name the nuclei involved in triple fusion.

Q: With a neat, labelled diagram, describe the parts of a typical angiosperm ovule.

Q: Explain the Law of Dominance using a monohybrid cross.

Recently Viewed Questions of Class 12 Biology

Q: Explain what is meant by biofortification.

What is the main idea behind “Joint Forest Management Concept” introduced by the Government of India?

Q: List two essential roles of ribosome during translation.

Q: If a population growing exponentially double in size in 3 years, what is the intrinsic rate of increase (r) of the population?

Q: Try to trace the various components of human evolution (hint: brain size and function, skeletal structure, dietary preference, etc.)

Which type of food would have lactic acid bacteria. Discuss their useful application.

Q: Explain briefly
(a) PCR
(b) Restriction enzymes and DNA
(c) Chitinase

Flow of energy through various trophic levels in an ecosystem is unidirectional and non-cyclic. Explain.

Why is genetic variation important in the plant Rauwolfia vomitoria?

Q: From what you have learnt, can you tell whether enzymes are bigger or DNA is bigger in molecular size? How did you know?

Study Tips for Answering NCERT Questions:

NCERT questions are designed to test your understanding of the concepts and theories discussed in the chapter. Here are some tips to help you answer NCERT questions effectively:

Read the question carefully and focus on the core concept being asked.
Reference examples and data from the chapter when answering questions about Biotechnology and its Application.
Review previous year question papers to get an idea of how such questions may be framed in exams.
Practice answering questions within the time limit to improve your speed and accuracy.
Discuss your answers with your teachers or peers to get feedback and improve your understanding.

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