Question 2: Answer the following questions briefly.
(i) Why is the rate of population growth in India declining since 1981?
(ii) Discuss the major components of population growth.
(iii) Define age structure, death rate and birth rate.
(iv) How is migration a determinant factor of population change?
Answer:
(i) The family planning programme helped in increasing the awareness about the benefits of having the smaller family size. This helped in reducing the population growth rate in India since 1981.
(ii) Birth rate, death rate and migration are the three major components of population growth. A higher birth rate; coupled with a lower death rate leads to population growth curve. International migration can lead to population growth of more number of people that are coming from other countries i.e. immigrants than the number of people going outside the country i.e. emigrants.
(iii) Age structure: refers to the number of people in different age groups in that population showing pre- reproductive, reproductive and post reproductive.
Death rate: also called mortality; the number of death per thousand persons in a year.
Birth rate: also called natality; the number of live birth per thousand person in a year.
(iv) Migration is the movement of people across regions and territories i.e. from one place to another. It is a determination factor of population changes as it changes the size and composition of both the areas of departure and arrival.
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