Chapter 2 Globe Latitudes and Longitudes

Globe is a exact miniature model of the Earth.
Equator is an imaginary line which passes through the center of the Earth and divides the Earth into equal parts: The Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.
There are parallel circles from equator towards the poles known as parallel of latitudes.
Four important parallels of latitudes are: 23 ½◦ N (Tropic of Cancer), 23 ½◦ S is Tropic of Capricorn, 66 ½◦ N is Arctic circle and 66 ½◦ S is Antarctic circle.
There are three heat zones of Earth: Torrid zone, Temperate zone and Frigid zone.
The semicircles from North pole to South pole are called meridian of Longitudes.
Equator is 0◦ Latitude whereas prime meridian is 0◦ Longitude.
Prime meridian also divides the Earth into two equal halves: The Eastern Hemisphere and The Western Hemisphere.
The time at 82 ½◦ E longitude in India is taken as the standard time of the whole country.
There are 180 meridian or the meridian of the longitudes and 180 latitudes or parallel of latitudes are present.

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Exercise 1 ( Page No. : 17 )

Q1	Answer the following questions briefly. (a) What is the true shape of the earth? (b) What is a globe? (c) What is the latitudinal value of the Tropic of Cancer? (d) What are the three heat zones of the Earth? (e) What are parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude? (f) Why does the torrid zone receive maximum amount of heat? (g) Why is it 5.30 p.m. in India and 12.00 noon in London?
Ans:	(a) The true shape of the Earth is a sphere flattened at the poles. Such a sphere is called geoid. Geoid is not a complete sphere. (b) A globe is an exact miniature model of the Earth. It shows the Earth in its actual shape with all continents, oceans etc. The globe is not fixed. It can be rotated the same way as the top spin or a potter’s wheel is rotated. (c) The latitudinal value of Tropic of Cancer is 23 ½ ◦ N. it passes from halfway of India and divides India into almost two equal parts. Tropic of Cancer lies above equator and below Arctic Circle in the Northern Hemisphere. It is a important parallel of the latitude or we can say North latitude. (d) The three heat zones of the Earth are: Torrid zone Temperate zone Frigid zone (e) Parallels of latitude: All the parallel circles towards the pole from the equator are parallel of latitude. They are measured in degrees and measure 1/4^th of 360 degrees. Example: Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn (23 ½ ◦), Arctic Circle and Antarctic circle (66 ½ ◦). (f) Torrid zone receives the maximum amount of sunlight because it is near equator. The sun rays directly falls on the equator so, the region near the equator will receive maximum sunlight and will be hot. As the torrid zone is near the equator, it will also be very hot. (g) India and London lie on different longitude. Each degree of longitude corresponds to a difference of 4 minutes, this is because the Earth rotates 360 degree in 24 hours, 1 in 4 minutes. The Standard meridian of India is 82 ½ ◦ East and that of London is 0. This means a difference of 4 min x 82.5 = 30 min. So, when it is 12: 00 noon in London, it is 5: 30 pm in India.

Q2	Tick the correct answers. (a) The value of the prime meridian is (i) 90° (ii) 0° (iii) 60° (b) The frigid zone lies near (i) the Poles (ii) the Equator (iii) the Tropic of Cancer (c) The total number of longitudes are (i) 360 (ii) 180 (iii) 90 (d) The Antarctic circle is located in (i) the Northern hemisphere (ii) the Southern hemisphere (iii) the Eastern hemisphere (e) Grid is a network of (i) parallels of latitudes and merdians of longitudes (ii) the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn (iii) the North Pole and the South Pole
Ans:	(a) (ii) 0◦ Just like equator prime meridian is also 0◦. Equator is a parallel of latitude which divides into 2 hemispheres: Northern Earth Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere. Prime meridian is meridian of longitude which divides Earth into 2 hemisphere- Eastern Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere. (b) (i) The poles The frigid zone lies at pole as it is far from the equator. It lies near Arctic circle at 66 ½ ◦N and Antarctic circle 66 ½ ◦S as it is far from equator. These regions are very cold. (c) (i) 360 There are 360 longitudes. There are 180◦ E and 180◦ W meridians on the same line. (d) (ii) The Southern Hemisphere Antarctic circle is situated at the poles. It is in Southern region at the frigid zone. (e) (i) Parallels of latitudes and meridian of longitudes The network of parallels of latitudes and meridian of longitudes is called grid.

Q3	Fill in the blanks. (a) The Tropic of Capricorn is located at _________________. (b) The Standard Meridian of India is ____________________. (c) The 0° Meridian is also known as ____________________. (d) The distance between the longitudes decreases towards___________. (e) The Arctic Circle is located in the ____________ hemisphere.
Ans:	(a) 23 ½ ◦S The Tropic of Capricorn is located at the Southern Hemisphere at 23 ½ ◦S and Tropic of Cancer is located at Northern Hemisphere at 23 ½ ◦N. (b) 82 ½ ◦E The standard meridian of India is located at Eastern Hemisphere at 82 ½ ◦E (82◦30’E); it is also known as Indian Standard Time (IST) as the local time at this meridian is taken as standard time at whole country. (c) Prime meridian It is a 0◦ longitude. Same like equator it also divides Earth into 2 hemispheres Eastern and Western. (d) Poles As we move towards the poles, the distance between longitudes gets decreased. (e) Northern Arctic circle is situated at the northern hemisphere at the frigid zone or the poles.

Chapter 2 Globe Latitudes and Longitudes

Exercise 1 ( Page No. : 17 )

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