Question 3

Fill in the blanks.

(a) A group of forming various patterns is called a .
(b) A huge system of stars is called.
(c) is the closest celestial body to our earth.
(d) is the third nearest planet to the sun.
(e) Planets do not have their own and ___________.

Answer

a) Star, Constellation
The pattern formed by the stars in the night sky is called constellation. The star in each constellation are named after letters in the Greek alphabet. The brightest star in each constellation is known as Alpha, the next is Beta and so on. So, Alpha Pegasi is the brightest star in Pegasus, the flying horse. Without constellations, it would be hard to locate the stars in the night sky, but there is no real link between the stars in a constellation; they are completely imaginary patterns. The Big Dipper, also known as Great Bear or Ursa Major, is one of the best known constellations in the Northern sky. It points towards Pole star, indicating north. Example: The Great Bear, the Water Snake (Hydra), the Little Bear (Ursa Minor).

b) Galaxy
The gigantic collection of stars, known as galaxy. It is huge system of billions of stars and clouds of dust & gases. The galaxy in which we live is Milky Way, it gets its name because we see it as a milky white band across the night sky. Galaxy is just one of many millions of similar giant groups of stars, scattered throughout the Universe. There are three types of galaxies:

1. Spiral galaxy: It consists of flat disk with a bulging center and surrounding spiral arms. When a spiral galaxy has a bright line (or bar) running through it, then it is called ‘barred spiral galaxy’.
2. Elliptical galaxy: They are oval shaped, but stretch longer along one axis. They may be nearly circular and are so elongated that they take on a cigar like appearance.
3. Irregular galaxy: They have little or no definite structure because they are within the gravitational influence of other galaxies closed by.

c) Moon Moon is the closest celestial to our earth. It is the only natural satellite of the Earth. Moon is about 3, 84,400 km away from the Earth. The Moon takes 27 days to complete one orbit around the Earth. It takes exact time to spin or rotate in its axis. Moon is the fifth largest natural satellite in the solar system and is second densest satellite after Io, a satellite of Jupiter. Its mass is approximately one eightieth that of Earth. Moon is close to Earth so it looks much larger than the stars.

d) Earth
Earth is the 3 rd nearest planet to the sun. 1 st nearest planet is Mercury and 2 nd is Venus, 3 rd is Earth, 4 th is Mars, 5 th is Jupiter, 6 th is Saturn, 7 th Uranus and then the farthest planet Neptune.

e) Heat, light
Planets do not have their own heat and light. They receive heat and light from the sun. As they do not have their own heat and light, so that is the reason they do not twinkle like the stars do. They don’t twinkle because planets appear big enough so that the refraction of light is not noticeable and the lights from the planet arrives as a steadily stream because of its closeness, not with speedy, intermittent break.

Fill in the blanks.

(a) A group of forming various patterns is called a .
(b) A huge system of stars is called.
(c) is the closest celestial body to our earth.
(d) is the third nearest planet to the sun.
(e) Planets do not have their own and ___________.

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