Class 12th Biology 2011 Set3 Delhi Board Paper Solution

(a) The stages of oogenesis are:

Oogenesis starts during embryonic growth and millions of gamete mother cells (oogonia) are formed in the foetal ovary. These cells undergo meiosis, but get temporarily arrested at the prophase and are called primary oocytes. Before reaching puberty, a large number of primary oocytes degenerate and the remaining ones get surrounded by layers of granulosa cells and new theca and are called secondary follicles. The secondary follicles are then converted into tertiary follicles that have characteristic fluid-filled cavity called antrum. At this stage, the primary oocyte present within the tertiary follicle completes meiosis, which results in the formation of haploid secondary oocyte and a tiny polar body. This tertiary follicle further changes into the Graafian follicle. The secondary oocyte is surrounded by the zone pellucida. Then the Graafian follicle ruptures to release the ovum by ovulation.

                                         

(b) Structure of ovum released after ovulation

 

OR

 

(a) Spermatogenesis starts at puberty by the action of the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) that in turn causes the release of two gonadotropins called Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH). The process takes place in the testes.

 

(b)

 

(c) Function of acrosome and middle piece:

Acrosome: The acrosome contains enzymes that aid in digesting the outer walls of the ovum during fertilisation. Middle piece: It contains several mitochondria that produce energy for the motility of the sperm.