(a) Differentiate between analogy and homology giving one example each of plant and animal respectively.
(b) How are they considered as an evidence in support of evolution ?
(a) Homology : Those structure which have similar anatomy but perform different functions shows homology.
Example: Thorns of bougainvilleas and tendrils of cucurbits and forelimbs of whale and bats.
Analogy : Those structure which have similar functions but different anatomy shows analogy .
Example: Eye of octopus and mammals etc. Sweet potato and potato tuber.
(b) These structures are considered as an evidence in support of evolution because:
1) Homology points to development of a similar structure in different directions. So it follows different divergent evolution.
2) Analogy points to different structures evolving for the same function indicating convergent evolution.
Fill in the blanks:
(a) Humans reproduce __________. (asexually/sexually)
(b) Humans are__________. (oviparous/viviparous/ovoviviparous)
(c) Fertilization is __________ in humans. (external/internal)
(d) Male and female gametes are __________. (diploid/haploid)
(e) Zygote is __________. (diploid/haploid)
(f) The process of release of the ovum from a mature follicle is called__________.
(g) Ovulation is induced by a hormone called the __________.
(h) The fusion of male and female gametes is called _____________.
(i) Fertilisation takes place in _____________.
(j) Zygote divides to form _____________which is implanted in uterus.
(k) The structure which provides vascular connection between fetus and uterus is called ____________.