Class 12th Biology 2017 Set2 Outside Delhi Board Paper Solution
Explain the various steps involved in the production of artificial insulin.
Insulin used for diabetes was earlier extracted from pancreas of slaughtered cattle and pigs.
It consist of two short polypeptide chains- chain A and chain B that are linked together by disulphide bridges.
In mammals even in humans, insulin is synthesised as a pro-hormone also need to be processed before it becomes a fully mature and functional hormone. It contains an extra stretch called C-peptide.
C-peptide is absent in the mature insulin and is removed during maturation into insulin.
Production of insulin by rDNA techniques was achieved by an American company, Eli Lilly in 1983. It prepared two DNA sequences corresponding to A and B, chains of human insulin and introduced them in plasmids of E. coli for production.
The A and B chains produced were separated, extracted and combined, by creating disulfide bonds to form human insulin.
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