Keeping the nomadic element of the Mongo | Class 11 History - Themes in World History Chapter Nomadic Empires, Nomadic Empires NCERT Solutions

How does the following account enlarge upon the character of the Pax Mongolica created by the Mongols by the middle of the thirteenth century? The Franciscan monk, William of Rubruck, was sent by Louis IX of France on an embassy to the great Khan Mongke’s court. He reached Karakorum, the capital of Mongke, in 1254 and came upon a woman from Lorraine (in France) called Paquette, who had been brought from Hungary and was in the service of one of the prince’s wives who was a Nestorian Christian. At the court he came across a Parisian goldsmith named Guillaume Boucher, ‘whose brother dwelt on the Grand Pont in Paris’. This man was first employed by the Queen Sorghaqtani and then by Mongke’s younger brother. Rubruck found that at the great court festivals the Nestorian priests were admitted first, with their regalia, to bless the Grand Khan’s cup, and were followed by the Muslim clergy and Buddhist and Taoist monks.

How do later Mongol reflections on the yasa bring out the uneasy relationship they had with the memory of Genghis Khan.

Why did Genghis Khan feel the need to fragment the Mongol tribes into new social and military groupings?

Why was trade so significant to the Mongols?

‘If history relies upon written records produced by city-based literati, nomadic societies will always receive a hostile representation.’ Would you agree with this statement? Does it explain the reason why Persian chronicles produced such inflated figures of casualties resulting from Mongol campaigns?

Why would the early temple have been much like a house?

What do ancient stories tell us about the civilisation of Mesopotamia?

Why do we say that it was not natural fertility and high levels of food production that were the causes of early urbanisation?

Compare the Venetian idea of good government with those in contemporary France.

Compare the conditions of life for a French serf and a Roman slave.

What was the function of medieval monasteries?

Why did knights become a distinct group and when did they decline?

How did long-term changes in population levels affect economy and society in Europe

Compare details of Italian architecture of this period with Islamic architecture.

Which of the following were necessary conditions and which the causes, of early urbanisation, and which would you say were the outcome of the growth of cities:

(a) highly productive agriculture,

(b) water transport,

(c) the lack of metal and stone,

(d) the division of labour,

(e) the use of seals,

(f) the military power of kings that made labour compulsory?

What new food items were transmitted from South America to the rest of the world?

Compare the conditions of life for a French serf and a Roman slave.

Imagine and describe a day in the life of a craftsman in a medieval French town.

Why did knights become a distinct group and when did they decline?

How did long-term changes in population levels affect economy and society in Europe

Describe two features of early feudal society in France.

What were the features of humanist thought?

What is meant by the term ‘Abbasid revolution’?

Compare details of Italian architecture of this period with Islamic architecture.

What were the new developments helping European navigation in the 15th century?