Question 2: Define scientific management. State any three of its principles.
Answer:
Scientific management means knowing exactly what you want men to do and seeing that they do it in the best and cheapest way. In other words it means application of scientific tools, methods and trained personnel in order to increase the output.
Following are the three principle of management:
1. Science, not rule of thumb: Rule of thumb means a manager makes decisions and finds solutions to any problem on the basis of their personal judgment and experiences and that will be not equally effective. So in order to increase the efficiency of the organization the rule of thumb should be substituted by the scientific method which involves investigations of traditional methods through work and study. According to Taylor even doing any small activity of production should be done scientifically for saving manpower and wastage of time and materials.
2. Harmony, Not Discord: According to this principle there should be complete harmony among the workers and the management because if there is any conflict between workers and the manager then it will help none, the worker, the managers or the owners. Both should realize their importance in the organization for each other. And management should take care of the needs of the workers and at the same time the workers should work hard for the good of the company. And in order to achieve this Taylor called for complete mental revolution on both the part management and workers.
3. Cooperation, Not Individualism: There should be complete cooperation among the workers and the management instead of individualism. In this principle competition should be replaced by cooperation. Both of them understand that they need each other. And for this the workers should not strike and do not make any unreasonable demand by the management. And at the same time the management should not close their ears when the workers give any constructive suggestions and also be rewarded for their suggestions which is beneficial for the organization.
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