Discuss the following techniques of Scie | Class 12 Business Studies Chapter Principles of Management, Principles of Management NCERT Solutions

Welcome to the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies - Chapter Principles of Management. This page offers a step-by-step solution to the specific question from Exercise 3, Question 4: . With detailed answers and explanations for each chapter, students can strengthen their understanding and prepare confidently for exams. Ideal for CBSE and other board students, this resource will simplify your study experience.

Question 4:

Discuss the following techniques of Scientific Work Study:
a. Time Study
b. Motion Study
c. Fatigue Study
d. Method Study
e. Simplification and standardisation of work

Answer:

(a) Time study: In this technique the standard time is decided to perform a well defined job. The standard time is fixed for a task by taking several readings. This method of time study is depending upon the volume and the frequency of the task. And once the standard time is set for any particular task then that task should be assigned to the workers and on the basis of standard time we can determine the efficiency of the workers. If any worker completes the particular task within the standard time then that worker should be considered as efficient and if any worker cannot accomplish the task within standard time then he will be considered as inefficient. The objectives of the time study are:

To determine the number of workers/employees should be employed to do any particular task.
To determine the suitable incentive schemes.
And to determine the cost of labour.

(b) Motion study: Motion study means study of movements like lifting, putting objects, sitting and changing position etc. while doing any particular job. And under this study all the unnecessary movements are eliminated so that it takes less time to complete the job efficiently. Taylor used stopwatches and various symbols and colors to identify different motions. And by this study he designed suitable equipment and tools to educate workers on their use and to minimize the unproductive motions..

(c) Fatigue study: Fatigue study determines the amount and frequency of rest intervals is required for completing the task. A person is bound to feel tired physically and mentally if he/ she does not take rest while working. If the worker doesn’t take rest while working then it reduces his/her efficiency. The rest intervals help the worker to regain their stamina to work again and they can perform their job efficiently. And this will increase productivity.

(d) Method study: There are various methods to perform the job. The objective of method is to determine the best way of doing the job. To determine the best way there are various parameters. Each and every activity right from procurement of raw material to delivering the finished goods is a part of method study. And this will help in minimizing the cost of production and maximizing the quality and satisfaction of the customer.

(e) Simplification and standardization of work: Standardization refers to the process of setting standard for each and every business activity and that is standardization of process, raw materials, time, products, machinery, methods or working conditions. The main objective of this method is to establish standards for performance of men and machines.

Whereas simplification aims to eliminate superfluous/unnecessary varieties, size and dimensions. It eliminates all unnecessary diversity of products. And this will give rise in saving the cost of labour, machines and tools. This technique helps in fuller utilization of equipment and increasing turnover.

Other Questions of Chapter Principles of Management

Name the principle that is an extension of the ‘harmony, not discord’.

State the main objective of time study.

Explain any four points regarding significance of principles of management.

Explain the Principles of Scientific management given by Taylor.

Discuss the differences between the contributions of Taylor and Fayol.

Explain the following Principles of management given by Fayol with examples:
a. Unity of direction
b. Equity
c. Espirit de corps
d. Order
e. Centralisation and decentralisation
f. Initiative

Define scientific management. State any three of its principles.

Examine the relevance of Taylor’s scientific management principles in the service sector.

Discuss the impact of scientific management on modern industries.

‘Bhasin’ limited was engaged in the business of food processing and selling its products under a popular brand. Lately the business was expanding due to good quality and reasonable prices. Also with more people working the market for processed food was increasing. New players were also coming to cash in on the new trend. In order to keep its market share in the short run the company directed its existing workforce to work overtime. But this resulted in many problems. Due to increased pressure of work the efficiency of the workers declined. Sometimes the subordinates had to work for more than one superior resulting in declining efficiency. The divisions that were previously working on one product were also made to work on two or more products. This resulted in a lot of overlapping and wastage. The workers were becoming indisciplined. The spirit of teamwork, which had characterized the company, previously was beginning to wane. Workers were feeling cheated and initiative was declining. The quality of the products was beginning to decline and market share was on the verge of decrease. Actually the company had implemented changes without creating the required infrastructure.

a. Identify the Principles of Management (out of 14 given by Henry Fayol) that were being violated by the company.
b. Explain these principles in brief.
c. What steps should the company management take in relation to the above principles to restore the company to its past glory?

Popular questions of class 12 Business Studies

What are the steps taken by management in the planning process?

Why is management considered to be a multi-dimensional concept?

Explain the procedure for selection of employees.

Indian Railways has launched a new broad gauge solar power train which is going to be a path breaking leap towards making trains greener and more environment friendly. The solar power DEMU (Diesel Electric Multiple Unit) has 6 trailer coaches and is expected to save about 21,000 liters of diesel and ensure a cost saving of Rs 12, 00,000 per year. Name the objectives of management achieved by Indian Railways in the above case.

The government of India announced Demonetization of ₹ 500 and ₹ 1,000 currency notes with effect from the midnight of November 8, 2016. As a result, the existing ₹ 500 and ₹ 1,000 currency notes ceased to be legal tender from that date. New currency notes of the denomination of ₹ 500 and ₹ 2,000 were issued by Reserve Bank of India after the announcement.

This step resulted in a substantial increase in the awareness about and use of Point of Sale machines, e-wallets, digital cash and other modes of cashless transactions. Also, increased transparency in monetary transactions and disclosure led to a rise in government revenue in the form of tax collection.

a. Enumerate the dimensions of the business environment highlighted above.
b. State the features of Demonetization.

How would you characterize the business environment? Explain with examples, the difference between general and specific environment.

Explain the qualities of a good leader? Do the qualities alone ensure leadership success?

National Digital Library of India (NDL India) is a pilot project initiated by the HRD ministry. It works towards developing a framework of virtual repository of learning resources with a single-window search facility. It provides support to all academic levels including researchers, life-long learners and differently-abled learners free of cost. State the dimensions of business environment highlighted above.

Management is a series of continuous interrelated functions. Comment.

Sunrises Ltd. dealing in readymade garments, is planning to expand its business operations in order to cater to international market. For this purpose the company needs additional ₹ 80,00,000 for replacing machines with modern machinery of higher production capacity. The company wishes to raise the required funds by issuing debentures. The debt can be issued at an estimated cost of 10%. The EBIT for the previous year of the company was ₹ 8,00,000 and total capital investment was ₹ 1,00,00,000. Suggest whether issue of debenture would be considered a rational decision by the company. Give reason to justify your answer. (Ans. No, Cost of Debt (10%) is more than ROI which is 8%).

Recently Viewed Questions of Class 12 Business Studies

What is the role of NGOs in Consumer Protection?

Why is understanding the business environment crucial for managers?

Discuss the role of SEBI in regulating the financial markets in India.

What is the role of the Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA)?

A company manufacturing sewing machines set up in 1945 by the British promoters follows formal organisation culture in totality. It is facing lot of problems in delays in decision making. As the result it is not able to adapt to changing business environment. The work force is also not motivated since they cannot vent their grievances except through formal channels, which involve red tape. Employee turnover is high. Its market share is also declining due to changed circumstances and business environment. You are to advise the company with regard to change it should bring about in its organisation structure to overcome the problems faced by it. Give reasons in terms of benefits it will derive from the changes suggested by you.

State the different networks of grapevine communications.

Kaul Consultants have launched www.naukaripao.com exclusively for senior management professionals. The portal lists out senior level jobs and ensures that the job is genuine through rigorous screening process.

a. State the source of recruitment highlighted in the case above.
b. State four benefits of the above identified source of recruitment.

Why are rules considered to be plans?

Can a large sized organisation be totally centralised of decentralised? Give your opinion.

Explain how management is both an art and a science.

Study Tips for Answering NCERT Questions:

NCERT questions are designed to test your understanding of the concepts and theories discussed in the chapter. Here are some tips to help you answer NCERT questions effectively:

Read the question carefully and focus on the core concept being asked.
Reference examples and data from the chapter when answering questions about Principles of Management.
Review previous year question papers to get an idea of how such questions may be framed in exams.
Practice answering questions within the time limit to improve your speed and accuracy.
Discuss your answers with your teachers or peers to get feedback and improve your understanding.

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Comments

Vishal Puj
Aug 25, 2021

I want to know about scientific analysis