Question 3: Differentiate between diagnostics and therapeutics. Give one example and for each category.
Answer:
Diagnostic involves the detection of diseases. Biotechnology has developed several diagnostic test in the clinical use today. Many of these tests are able to diagnose conditions only by taking blood sample or mouth swab. For example: ELISA (Enzyme- linked Immuno sorbent Assay) used for the detection of HIV; this test involves the linkage of label enzymes to either antigens or antibody and their reaction is measured using colorimetric signals, Hepatitis B and C. On the other hand, therapeutics helps in the treatment for the particular type of diseases. For example: Antibiotic resistant gene (Antibiotic resistance gene are mostly used as selectable markers and as well as antibiotics. A host cell strain is chosen which will react to the particular antibiotics, which are been used in transformation process) like Ampicillin, is an antibiotic which helps in the treatment of bacterial infection in humans by inhibiting the cell wall synthesis by disrupting peptidoglycan cross- linking.
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