Question 48: Mention one function for each of these hormones :
(a) Thyroxin
(b) Insulin
(c) Adrenaline
(d) Growth hormone
(e) Testosterone.
Answer:
a) Thyroxin:- Thyroid gland secretes thyroxin hormone and control the general metabolism by regulating the rate of oxidation and production of energy. Iodine is necessary for the synthesis of Thyroxin hormone. Due to deficiency of iodine can cause the swelling up of neck and goitre disease. They promote the growth of the body tissues and stimulate tissue differentiation. Thyroxin also controls the working of kidneys and its deficiency results in the less amount of urine production.
b) Insulin:- Insulin is secreted by the beta cells of islets of Langerhans by the rise in blood- sugar level. Deficiency of insulin causes diabetes mellitus. It enables the liver and muscles to store glucose as glycogen and enables the tissues to take up and uses the glucose as the source of energy; thus lowers the blood- glucose level.
c) Adrenaline:- Adrenal has dual origin and are paired glands present on the top of the kidneys. It contains two regions:- adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla. Adrenal cortex secretes three hormones:- Mineralocorticoids, Glucocorticoides, Sexcorticoids. Each one of them has its own functions like Mineralocorticoids regulate minerals metabolism and controls the sodium and potassium ratio in the intra or extracellular fluids. Or, Adrenal medulla secretes two hormones:- epinephrine and norepinephrine.
d) Growth hormone:- Growth hormones are secreted by the anterior lobe of pituitary gland, also called Somatotropin which stimulates the growth and development of all tissues by triggered the protein production and cell division.
Deficiency and excessive release of growth hormone causes various diseases like Dwarfism, Gigantism, acromegaly etc.
e) Testosterone:- Testosterone is secreted by testes and stimulates the male reproductive system to grow to full size and formation of sperms. It also stimulates the development of accessory sex characters like hair on face, deepening of voice etc. at the age of puberty and increases the fertility in males.
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