Question 4: Differentiate between
a. Inspiratory and expiratory reserve volume
b. Vital capacity and total lung capacity
c. Emphysema and occupational respiratory disorder
Answer:
(a) Inspiratory Reserve volume (IRV): It is the extra amount of air which can be inhaled forcibly after a normal inspiration. It is about 2000 to 2500ml.
Expiratory Reserve volume (ERV): It is the extra amount of air which can be exhaled forcibly after a normal expiration. It is about 1000 to 1500ml.
(b) Vital capacity: It is the amount of air which one can inhale with maximum effort and also exhale with maximum efforts. It is about 3.5 to 4.5 litres in a normal adult person. It is equal to the TV, IRV, and ERV of air (500 + 2000 + 1500 = 4000 ml).
Total lung capacity: It is the sum of the Vital capacity and the residual volume. It is about 5000- 6000 ml.
(c) Emphysema: It is the respiratory disorder which occurs due to the inflation or abnormal distension of the bronchiole or alveolar sac resulting in the loss of their elasticity.
Occupational respiratory disorder: These diseases are common in persons who works in an environment where they are constantly exposed to potentially harmful substances like gas, fumes etc. Person working in Industries involving grinding or stone breaking etc. suffers from these diseases.
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