‘Is it possible to prepare the profit and loss account and the balance sheet from the incomplete book of accounts kept by a trader’? Do you agree? Explain.
The profit and loss account and the balance sheet can be prepared from the incomplete book of accounts through Conversion method. According to this method, incomplete records are converted into double entry records. In case of incomplete records, details of some transactions are easily available like cash sales, cash purchases, creditors, debtors; however, there are a number of transactions, the details of which may not be available directly. Yet, these details can be found out indirectly or logically. Some of the important items that are vital for preparing balance sheet are given below,
a. Opening capital
b. Closing capital
c. Credit purchases
d. Cash purchases
e. Credit sales
f. Cash sales
g. Payment from debtors
h. Payment to creditors
i. Opening stock
j. Closing stock
Below are given are the steps included in the conversion method in a chronological order:
a. If opening capital is not given, then the first step is to prepare an opening statement of affairs that gives the opening capital.
b. The second step is to prepare a cash book that gives the opening or the closing cash and bank balancer.
c. The next step is to prepare a total debtors account. It is prepared in order to find one of the missing figures, such as credit sales, opening debtors, closing debtors and cash received from debtors.
d. The subsequent step is to prepare a total creditors account to ascertain one of the missing figures, such as credit sales, opening creditors, closing creditors and cash paid to the creditors.
e. The last step is to prepare final accounts. On the basis of the missing figures ascertained in each of the above steps, along with other mentioned information, Trading and profit and loss account and balance sheet can be prepared.
Popular Questions of Class 11 Accountancy
- Q:- Explain the qualitative characteristics of accounting information.
- Q:-
Mr. Sunrise started a business for buying and selling of stationery with ₹ 5,00,000 as an initial investment. Of which he paid ₹ 1,00,000 for furniture, ₹ 2,00,000 for buying stationery items. He employed a sales person and clerk. At the end of the month he paid ₹ 5,000 as their salaries. Out of the stationery bought he sold some stationery for ₹ 1,50,000 for cash and some other stationery for ₹ 1,00,000 on credit basis to Mr. Ravi. Subsequently, he bought stationery items of ₹ 1,50,000 from Mr. Peace. In the first week of next month there was a fire accident and he lost ₹ 30,000 worth of stationery. A part of the machinery, which cost ₹ 40,000, was sold for ₹ 45,000.
From the above, answer the following :
1. What is the amount of capital with which Mr. Sunrise started business?
2. What are the fixed assets he bought?
3. What is the value of the goods purchased?
4. Who is the creditor and state the amount payable to him?
5. What are the expenses?
6. What is the gain he earned?
7. What is the loss he incurred?
8. Who is the debtor? What is the amount receivable from him?
9. What is the total amount of expenses and losses incurred?
10. Determine if the following are assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses or none of the these: sales, debtors, creditors, salary to manager, discount to debtors, drawings by the owner. - Q:- Describe the role of accounting in the modern world.
- Q:- What do you mean by an asset and what are different types of assets?
- Q:-
Differentiate between source documents and vouchers.
- Q:-
Complete the following sentences with appropriate words:
(a) Information in financial reports is based on .....................
(b) Internal users are the ..................... of the business entity.
(c) A ..................... would most likely use an entities financial report to determine whether or not the business entity is eligible for a loan.
(d) The Internet has assisted in decreasing the ..................... in issuing financial reports to users.
(e) ..................... users are groups outside the business entity, who uses the information to make decisions about the business entity.
(f) Information is said to be relevent if it is ......................
(g) The process of accounting starts with ............ and ends with ............
(h) Accounting measures the business transactions in terms of ............ units.
(i) Identified and measured economic events should be recording in ............ order. - Q:-
What is a journal? Give a specimen of journal showing at least five entries.
- Q:-
Define accounting and state its objectives.
- Q:-
Enumerate informational needs of management.
- Q:-
Complete the following work sheet:
(i) If a firm believes that some of its debtors may ′default′, it should act on this by making sure that all possible losses are recorded in the books. This is an example of the ___________ concept.
(ii) The fact that a business is separate and distinguishable from its owner is best exemplified by the ___________ concept.
(iii) Everything a firm owns, it also owns out to somebody. This co-incidence is explained by the ___________ concept.
(iv) The ___________ concept states that if straight line method of depreciation is used in one year, then it should also be used in the next year.
(v) A firm may hold stock which is heavily in demand. Consequently, the market value of this stock may be increased. Normal accounting procedure is to ignore this because of the ___________.
(vi) If a firm receives an order for goods, it would not be included in the sales figure owing to the ___________.
(vii) The management of a firm is remarkably incompetent, but the firms accountants can not take this into account while preparing book of accounts because of ________ concept.
Recently Viewed Questions of Class 11 Accountancy
- Q:-
What is the basic accounting equation?
- Q:-
What is meant by renewal of a bill of exchange?
- Q:-
Cash withdrawn by the Proprietor should be credited to:
(i) Drawings account
(ii) Capital account
(iii) Profit and loss account
(iv) Cash account - Q:- Describe the role of accounting in the modern world.
- Q:-
Double entry accounting requires that :
(i) All transactions that create debits to asset accounts must create credits to liability or capital accounts;
(ii) A transaction that requires a debit to a liability account require a credit to an asset account;
(iii) Every transaction must be recorded with equal debits equal total credits. - Q:-
Explain the need for drawing up the special purpose books.
- Q:-
A bank reconciliation statement is mainly prepared for:
(a) Reconcile the cash balance of the cash book.
(b) Reconcile the difference between the bank balance shown by the cash book and bank passbook
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these - Q:-
Fill in the correct word:
1. Recognition of expenses in the same period as associated revenues is called _______________concept.
2. The accounting concept that refers to the tendency of accountants to resolve uncertainty and doubt in favour of understating assets and revenues and overstating liabilities and expenses is known as _______________.
3. Revenue is generally recognised at the point of sale denotes the concept of _______________.
4. The _______________concept requires that the same accounting method should be used from one accounting period to the next.
5. The_______________concept requires that accounting transactions should be free from the bias of accountants and others. - Q:-
Write the process of preparing ledger from a journal.
- Q:-
Balancing of account means :
(i) Total of debit side
(ii) Total of credit side
(iii) Difference in total of debit & credit
(iv) None of these
- NCERT Chapter