Class 11 Accountancy - Chapter Introduction to Accounting NCERT Solutions | Giving examples, explain each of the fol
Giving examples, explain each of the following accounting terms:
* Fixed assets * Revenue * Expenses
* Gain * Profit * Capital
* Short-term liabilities
• Fixed assets− These are held for long term and increase the profit earning capacity of the business, over various accounting periods. These assets are not meant for sale; for example, land, building, machinery, etc.
• Gains− Gains are incidental to the business. They arise from irregular activities or non-recurring transactions; for example, profit on sale of fixed assets, appreciation in value of asset, profit on sale of investment, etc.
• Profit− This refers to the excess of revenue over the expense. It is normally categorised into gross profit or net profit. Net profit is added to the capital of the owner, which increases the owner’s capital. For example, goods sold above its cost.
• Short-term liabilities− Those liabilities that are incurred with an intention to be paid or are payable within a year; for example, bank overdraft creditors, bills payable, outstanding wages, short-term loans, etc.
• Revenue− It refers to the amount received from day to day activities of business, viz. amount received from sales of goods and services to customers; rent received, commission received, dividend, royalty, interest received, etc. are items of revenue that are added to the capital.
• Expenses− Expenses are those costs that are incurred to maintain the profitability of business, like rent, wages, depreciation, interest, salaries, etc. These help in the production, business operations and generating revenues.
• Capital− It refers to the amount invested by the owner of a firm. It may be in form of cash or asset. It is an obligation of the business towards the owner of the firm, since business is treated separate or distinct from the owner. Capital = Assets − Liabilities.
More Questions From Class 11 Accountancy - Chapter Introduction to Accounting
- Q:-
Mr. Sunrise started a business for buying and selling of stationery with ₹ 5,00,000 as an initial investment. Of which he paid ₹ 1,00,000 for furniture, ₹ 2,00,000 for buying stationery items. He employed a sales person and clerk. At the end of the month he paid ₹ 5,000 as their salaries. Out of the stationery bought he sold some stationery for ₹ 1,50,000 for cash and some other stationery for ₹ 1,00,000 on credit basis to Mr. Ravi. Subsequently, he bought stationery items of ₹ 1,50,000 from Mr. Peace. In the first week of next month there was a fire accident and he lost ₹ 30,000 worth of stationery. A part of the machinery, which cost ₹ 40,000, was sold for ₹ 45,000.
From the above, answer the following :
1. What is the amount of capital with which Mr. Sunrise started business?
2. What are the fixed assets he bought?
3. What is the value of the goods purchased?
4. Who is the creditor and state the amount payable to him?
5. What are the expenses?
6. What is the gain he earned?
7. What is the loss he incurred?
8. Who is the debtor? What is the amount receivable from him?
9. What is the total amount of expenses and losses incurred?
10. Determine if the following are assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses or none of the these: sales, debtors, creditors, salary to manager, discount to debtors, drawings by the owner. - Q:- Explain the qualitative characteristics of accounting information.
- Q:- Describe the role of accounting in the modern world.
- Q:-
Complete the following sentences with appropriate words:
(a) Information in financial reports is based on .....................
(b) Internal users are the ..................... of the business entity.
(c) A ..................... would most likely use an entities financial report to determine whether or not the business entity is eligible for a loan.
(d) The Internet has assisted in decreasing the ..................... in issuing financial reports to users.
(e) ..................... users are groups outside the business entity, who uses the information to make decisions about the business entity.
(f) Information is said to be relevent if it is ......................
(g) The process of accounting starts with ............ and ends with ............
(h) Accounting measures the business transactions in terms of ............ units.
(i) Identified and measured economic events should be recording in ............ order. - Q:- What do you mean by an asset and what are different types of assets?
- Q:-
Define accounting and state its objectives.
- Q:-
Enumerate informational needs of management.
- Q:-
'Accounting information should be comparable'. Do you agree with this statement? Give two reasons.
- Q:-
Distinguish between debtors and creditors.
- Q:-
The role of accounting has changed over the period of time- Do you agree? Explain.
Popular Questions of Class 11 Accountancy
- Q:-
Name any two types of commonly used negotiable instruments.
- Q:-
Why is it necessary to record the adjusting entries in the preparation of final accounts?
- Q:-
State the meaning of incomplete records?
- Q:-
What is ‘Depreciation’?
- Q:-
Briefly state how the cash book is both journal and a ledger.
- Q:-
State the meaning of a trial balance?
- Q:-
State the four basic requirements of a database applications.
- Q:-
State the different elements of a computer system.
- Q:-
Why is it necessary for accountants to assume that business entity will remain a going concern?
- Q:-
State the need for the preparation of bank reconciliation statement?
Recently Viewed Questions of Class 11 Accountancy
- Q:-
Name and explain different types of reserves in detail.
- Q:-
Choose the correct chronological order of ascertainment of the following profits from the profit and loss account :
(i) Operating Profit, Net Profit, Gross Profit
(ii) Operating Profit, Gross Profit, Net Profit
(iii) Gross Profit, Operating Profit, Net Profit
(iv) Gross Profit, Net Profit, Operating Profit - Q:-
Briefly explain the statement ‘wrongly debited by the bank’ with the help of an example.
- Q:-
Cash book does not record transaction of :
(i) Cash nature
(ii) Credit nature
(iii) Cash and credit nature
(iv) None of these - Q:-
What are the objectives of preparing financial statements ?
- Q:-
Distinguish between capital and revenue expenditure and state whether the following statements are items of capital or revenue expenditure :
(a) Expenditure incurred on repairs and whitewashing at the time of purchase of an old building in order to make it usable.
(b) Expenditure incurred to provide one more exit in a cinema hall in compliance with a government order.
(c) Registration fees paid at the time of purchase of a building.
(d) Expenditure incurred in the maintenance of a tea garden which will produce tea after four years.
(e) Depreciation charged on a plant.
(f) The expenditure incurred in erecting a platform on which a machine will be fixed.
(g) Advertising expenditure, the benefits of which will last for four years. - Q:-
If suspense account does not balance off even after rectification of errors it implies that:
(a) There are some one sided errors only in the books yet to be located.
(b) There are no more errors yet to be located.
(c) There are some two sided errors only yet to be located.
(d) There may be both one sided errors and two sided errors yet to be located. - Q:-
Show the effect through Journal entries:
Credit sales to Mohan 10,000 were posted to his account as 12,000
This is an error of ..................................
The wrong effect has been:The correct effect should have been:
The rectification entry will be.
- Q:-
What practical difficulties are encountered by a trader due to incompleteness of accounting records?
- Q:-
Match the items given under ‘A’ with the correct items under ‘B’
(i) Closing stock is credited to (a) Trial balance
(ii) Accuracy of book of account is tested by (b) Trading account
(iii) On returning the goods to seller, the buyer sends (c) Credit note
(iv) The financial position is determined by (d) Balance sheet
(v) On receiving the returned goods from the (e) Debit note
buyer, the seller sends
1 Comment(s) on this Question
That\'s a good answer
- All Chapters Of Class 11 Accountancy
- All Subjects Of Class 11