Class 12 Chemistry - Chapter General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements NCERT Solutions | What is the significance of leaching in

Write down the reactions taking place in different zones in the blast furnace during the extraction of iron.

Copper can be extracted by hydrometallurgy but not zinc. Explain.

Outline the principles of refining of metals by the following methods:

(i) Zone refining

(ii) Electrolytic refining

(iii) Vapour phase refining

Name the common elements present in the anode mud in electrolytic refining of copper. Why are they so present ?

The reaction,

      Cr₂O₃  +  2Al    →    Al₂O₃  + 2Cr            (ΔG_o = -421kJ)

is thermodynamically feasible as is apparent from the Gibbs energy value. Why does it not take place at room temperature?

How can you separate alumina from silica in bauxite ore associated with silica? Give equations, if any.

Why is the extraction of copper from pyrites more difficult than that from its oxide ore through reduction?

Write chemical reactions taking place in the extraction of zinc from zinc blende.

Describe a method for refining nickel.

Why copper matte is put in silica lined converter?

For the reaction R → P, the concentration of a reactant changes from 0.03 M to 0.02 M in 25 minutes. Calculate the average rate of reaction using units of time both in minutes and seconds.

Write the formulas for the following coordination compounds:

(i) Tetraamminediaquacobalt (III) chloride

(ii) Potassium tetracyanonickelate(II)

(iii) Tris(ethane-1,2-diamine) chromium(III) chloride

(iv) Amminebromidochloridonitrito-N-platinate(II)

(v) Dichloridobis(ethane-1,2-diamine)platinum(IV) nitrate

(vi) Iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II)

(i) Write structures of different isomeric amines corresponding to the molecular formula, C4H11N

(ii) Write IUPAC names of all the isomers.

(iii) What type of isomerism is exhibited by different pairs of amines?

Why are solids rigid?

Write any two characteristics of Chemisorption.

Write the structures of the following compounds.

(i) α-Methoxypropionaldehyde

(ii) 3-Hydroxybutanal

(iii) 2-Hydroxycyclopentane carbaldehyde

(iv) 4-Oxopentanal

(v) Di-sec-butyl ketone

(vi) 4-Fluoroacetophenone

Why are pentahalides more covalent than trihalides?

Silver atom has completely filled d orbitals (4d10) in its ground state. How can you say that it is a transition element?

Glucose or sucrose are soluble in water but cyclohexane or benzene (simple six membered ring compounds) are insoluble in water. Explain.

Write structures of the following compounds:

(i) 2-Chloro-3-methylpentane

(ii) 1-Chloro-4-ethylcyclohexane

(iii) 4-tert. Butyl-3-iodoheptane

(iv) 1,4-Dibromobut-2-ene

(v) 1-Bromo-4-sec. butyl-2-methylbenzene

What is lanthanoid contraction? What are the consequences of lanthanoid contraction?

Suggest the most important type of intermolecular attractive interaction in the following pairs.

(i) n-hexane and n-octane

(ii) I₂ and CCl₄

(iii) NaClO₄ and water

(iv) methanol and acetone

(v) acetonitrile (CH₃CN) and acetone (C₃H₆O).

A 5% solution (by mass) of cane sugar in water has freezing point of 271 K. Calculate the freezing point of 5% glucose in water if freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K.

Bond angle in PH⁺₄ is higher than that in PH₃. Why?

Give the structures and IUPAC names of monohydric phenols of molecular formula, C₇H₈O.

Write the reactions of F₂ and Cl₂ with water.

The decomposition of A into product has value of k as 4.5 x 10³ s^-1 at 10°C and energy of activation 60 kJ mol^-1. At what temperature would k be 1.5 x 10⁴ s^-1?

An aromatic compound 'A' on treatment with aqueous ammonia and heating forms compound 'B' which on heating with Br2 and KOH forms a compound 'C' of molecular formula C6H7N. Write the structures and IUPAC names of compounds A, B and C.

How can you differentiate between addition and condensation polymerisation?

How many lattice points are there in one unit cell of each of the following lattice?

(i) Face-centred cubic

(ii) Face-centred tetragonal

(iii) Body-centred