On an outline map of the world, mark the areas which had economic links with the Mughal Empire, and trace out possible routes of communication.
Iran, Afghanistan, China, the countries of Central and Western Asia, Italy, Portugal, France, Britain, Holland, etc. Possible Routes : Trade that linked to Mughal Empire in India.
(i)Sea route via Atlantic ocean to Cape of Good Hope (South Africa), Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean.
(ii)Red Sea, Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean, Bay of Bengal to China Sea.
(iii)Land Route from Central Asia to Afghanistan through modem Pakistan upto Kerala or Goa.
Write a note on the Kitab-ul-Hind.
How were the lives of forest dwellers transformed in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
Discuss the extent to which Bernier’s account enables historians to reconstruct contemporary rural society.
Discuss the ways in which panchayats and village headmen regulated rural society.
On an outline map of the world mark the countries visited by Ibn Battuta. What are the seas that he may have crossed?
Discuss Al-Biruni’s understanding of the caste system.
Examine the role played by zamindars in Mughal India.
What were the distinctive features of the Mughal nobility? How was their relationship with the emperor shaped?
Analyse the evidence for slavery provided by Ibn Battuta.
What do you think was the significance of the rituals associated with the mahanavami dibba?
On an outline map of the world mark the countries visited by Ibn Battuta. What are the seas that he may have crossed?
Discuss the ways in which the Alvars, Nayanars and Virashaivas expressed critiques of the caste system.
Read any five of the sources included in this chapter and discuss the social and religious ideas that are expressed in them.
Discuss the picture of urban centres that emerges from Bernier’s account.
Write a note on the Kitab-ul-Hind.
Discuss whether the term “royal centre” is an appropriate description for the part of the city for which it is used.
On an outline map of India, plot three major sufi shrines, and three places associated with temples (one each of a form of Vishnu, Shiva and the goddess).
Analyse, with illustrations, why bhakti and sufi thinkers adopted a variety of languages in which to express their opinions.
On an outline map of the world, mark approximately Italy, Portugal, Iran and Russia. Trace the routes the travellers mentioned on p.176 would have taken to reach Vijayanagara.
Examine the role played by zamindars in Mughal India.