Give an example of characteristics being used to determine how close two species are in evolutionary terms.
The more characteristics of two species have in common, they seem to be more closely related. And the more closely they are related, more recently they shared a common ancestor or the evolutionary relationship.
Mostly the homologous characteristics derive from how close two species are in evolutionary terms. For example, mammals have four limbs as birds, reptiles and amphibians possess. Basic structures of the limbs are very similar and they are modified to do different functions. The characteristics can be similar in different organisms because of sharing the common ancestors which helps to identify the evolutionary relationship among two close related species. Another example is the common connection link between the reptiles and birds. The connecting link between the reptiles and the birds are known as archaeopteryx. Aves have the evolutionary characters which are derived from the reptiles, in which the forelimbs of the reptiles modified into the feathers or the wings.
When a 12 V battery is connected across an unknown resistor, there is a current of 2.5 mA in the circuit. Find the value of the resistance of the resistor.
Outline a project which aims to find the dominant coat colour in dogs.
Draw the structure for the following compounds.
(i) Ethanoic acid (ii) Bromopentane*
(iii) Butanone (iv) Hexanal.
*Are structural isomers possible for bromopentane?
A hot plate of an electric oven connected to a 220 V line has two resistance coils A and B, each of 24 Ω resistance, which may be used separately, in series, or in parallel. What are the currents in the three cases?
How is the sex of the child determined in human beings?
(a) What property do all elements in the same column of the Periodic Table as boron have in common?
(b) What property do all elements in the same column of the Periodic Table as fluorine have in common?
Calculate the number of electrons constituting one coulomb of charge.
What is an homologous series? Explain with an example.
Why is variation beneficial to the species but not necessarily for the individual?
A man with blood group A marries a woman with blood group O and their daughter has blood group O. Is this information enough to tell you which of the traits – blood group A or O – is dominant? Why or why not?
Explain the mechanism of the cleaning action of soaps.
Explain the underlying principle and working of an electric generator by drawing a labelled diagram. What is the function of brushes?
Name two energy sources that you would consider to be renewable. Give reasons for your choices.
Give an example of a double displacement reaction other than the one given in activity 1.10.
How much energy is given to each coulomb of charge passing through a 6 V battery?
A man with blood group A marries a woman with blood group O and their daughter has blood group O. Is this information enough to tell you which of the traits – blood group A or O – is dominant? Why or why not?
Give any two ways in which biodegradable substances would affect the environment.
Which of the following methods is suitable for preventing an iron frying pan from rusting?
(a) Applying grease
(b) Applying paint
(c) Applying a coating of zinc
(d) All of the above.
A concave lens of focal length 15 cm forms an image 10 cm from the lens. How far is the object placed from the lens? Draw the ray diagram.
Write word equations and then balanced equations for the reaction taking place when –
(a) dilute sulphuric acid reacts with zinc granules.
(b) dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with magnesium ribbon.
(c) dilute sulphuric acid reacts with aluminium powder.
(d) dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with iron filings.