Make a list of the chapters in which you find mention of metal working. What are the metals objects mentioned or shown in those chapters?
Chapters 4, 7 and 8 described metal working. Several metal objects were mentioned in those chapters such as axe, ploughshare, sickle and sword. These metal objects were used for various different purposes.
- Sickle farming: for harvesting the vegetables
- Sword which is used in wars
- Axe for cutting wood
- Ploughshare for the farming
Read the story on page 122. In what ways is the monkey king similar to or different from the kings you read about in Chapters 5 and 10?
Match the following
Stupa Place where the image of the deity is installed
Shikhara Mound
Mandapa Circular path around the stupa
Garbhagriha Place in temples where people could assemble
Pradakshina patha Tower
Fill in the blanks:
(a) ———————— was a great astronomer.
(b) Stories about gods and goddesses are found in the ————————
(c) ———————— is recognised as the author of the Sanskrit Ramayana.
(d) ———————— and ———————— are two Tamil epics.
Find out more and tell a story from one of the epics.
1. Complete the sentences:
(a) Hunter-gatherers chose to live in caves and rock shelters because ————————.
(b) Grasslands developed around ———————— years ago.
Match the following:
Narmada Valley The first big kingdom
Magadha Hunting and gathering
Garo hills Cities about 2500 years ago
Indus and its tributaries Early agriculture
Ganga Valley The first cities
How do archaeologists know that cloth was used in the Harappan civilisation?
Match the columns
Sukta Stone boulder
Chariots Sacrifice
Yajna Well-said
Dasa Used in battles
Megalith Slave
Describe the ways in which the Buddha tried to spread his message to the people.
Make a list of the occupations of the people who lived within the Mauryan empire.
Fill in the blanks:
(a) ———————— was a word used for large landowners in Tamil.
(b) The gramabhojaka often got his land cultivated by the ————————
(c) Ploughmen were known as ———————— in Tamil.
(d) Most grihapatis were ———————— landowners.
Match the following:
Muvendar Mahayana Buddhism
Lords of the dakshinapatha Buddhacharita
Ashvaghosha Satavahana rulers
Bodhisattvas Chinese pilgrim
Xuan Zang Cholas, Cheras and Pandyas
1. State whether true or false:
(a) Harishena composed a prashasti in praise of Gautamiputra Shri Satakarni.
(b) The rulers of Aryavarta brought tribute for Samudragupta.
(c) There were twelve rulers in Dakshinapatha.
(d) Taxila and Madurai were important centres under the control of the Gupta rulers.
(e) Aihole was the capital of the Pallavas.
(f) Local assemblies functioned for several centuries in south India.
Why do people who grow crops have to stay in the same place for a long time?
In what ways are present-day elections different from the ways in which rulers were chosen in janapadas?
Describe at least two ways in which you think the lives of kings would have been different from those of farmers.
Return to Rasheeda’s question. Can you think of some answers to it?
Make a list of all the objects that archaeologists may find. Which of these could be made of stone?
Why do you think slaves and servants were ill-treated? Do you think the orders of the emperor would have improved their condition? Give reasons for your answer.
How do archaeologists know that cloth was used in the Harappan civilisation?
Do you think ordinary people would have read and understood the prashastis? Give reasons for your answer.
Compare the drainage system in your locality with that of the cities mentioned in the lesson. What similarities and differences do you notice?
Why do you think ordinary people were attracted to Bhakti?
What were the means adopted by Ashoka to spread the message of dhamma?