Question 49: Why are budding, fragmentation and regeneration all considered as asexual types of reproduction? With neat diagrams explain the process of regeneration in Planaria.
Answer:
Asexual reproduction is the process of making two or more daughter cells from one parent cell, i.e, only one parent is involved. So, there is no variation as in sexual reproduction occurs and each of the offspring is genetically or morphologically identical to each other. Budding (formation of daughter individual from the bud arise on the parent body and detached after maturation and forms new individual, eg. Hydra, yeast), fragmentation (when the parent cell nucleus divides into multiple fragments and forms new individual from each fragment) and regeneration (formation of individual by restoring or replacing the damaged cells, tissues and organs); all three are the types of asexual reproduction that involves only single parent cell and where no gamete formation occurs. Hence they are considered as asexual type of reproduction.
Planaria show binary fission where their body is divided transversely and cuts down into two pieces. Each cut piece has the ability to regenerate into the new individual. As shown in figure:
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