Sectors of the Indian Economy Question Answers: NCERT Class 10 Social Science - Understanding Economic Development

(i) has not
(ii) tertiary
(iii) organised
(iv) large
(v) natural
(vi) interdependent

Disguised unemployment is a kind of unemployment in which people seem to be employed but are actually unemployed. This is the situation of underemployment, where people are apparently working but all of them are made to work less than their potential. This situation is also known as hidden
unemployment. Such situation arises when more people are engaged in a work than required. For example:

 * In rural areas, this type of unemployment is often seen in the agriculture sector. Here, if in a family five members are working on a same piece of land and that land only requires three workers then the extra two workers are said to be in a situation of disguised unemployment.

* In urban areas, this type of unemployment can be seen mostly in services sector where workers like painters, plumbers , electricians are unable to find work on a daily basis and work less than their potential.

Open unemployment is where a person has no job in hand and does not earn anything at all. This kind of unemployment is visible. On the other hand, disguised unemployment is a situation when a person is apparently working but is made to work less than his or her potential. This type of unemployment is generally found in unorganized sector where either work is not constantly available or more people are employed for the same work than required.

No it is not correct to say that tertiary sector is not playing any significant role in the development of Indian economy. The tertiary sector has emerged as the largest producing sector in india replacing the primarysector. This sector has a big contribution to the growth of Indian economy. The GDP share of the tertiary sector has grown from around 40% in 1973 to more than 50% in 2003.

The service sector in india employs the following two different kinds of people:

(i) Highly skilled and educated workers like teachers, bankers, IT officials, etc. who are engaged into the high playing services.

(ii) Less skilled workers like vendors, electricians, plumber , etc., who are engaged into the low playing services.

Yes, workers are exploited in the unorganized sector. A few reasons in support of this view are:
- The unorganized sector does not offer any job security.
- People are made to work for long hours.
- They are paid less than they deserve.
- Government rules and regulations to protect labourers are not followed there.

On the basis of employment conditions the economy are classified into organized and unorganized sectors. Organized sector: it includes the enterprises registered under the government of india, who have an employee

– friendly environment and are provided with various facilities including high wages. Unorganized sector: it includes the small and scattered units which largely outside the control of the government. There are rules and regulations but these are not followed in this sector. Jobs here are low –paid and often not regular.

In the organized sector, workers enjoy security of employment. They are expected to work only a fixed number of hours. If they work more, they have to be paid overtime by the employer. They also get several other benefits from the employers like paid leaves, payment during holidays, provident fund. Gratuity , medical insurance etc. In the unorganized sector , there is no provision for overtime paid leaves, holidays, leave due to sickness , medical facilities, etc. they do get any other allowances apart from daily wages. Employment is not secure. When there is less work, such as during some season, some people may be asked to leave.

The objectives of implementing the NREGA 2005 was to ensure 100 days of employment in a year to all those who are in need of work in the rural areas. It also introduced a scheme of providing unemployment allowances to the people if the government fails to provide employment under this act. The types of work that would help to increase the production from land will be given preference under the act.

In the private sector, the assets and industries are owned by the individuals whereas in the public sectors, industries are owned by the government. Private sector gives emphasis on earning profits rather than considering the benefits and interests of its employees. The public sector, on the other hand works to provide facilities to the public and to earn profits at the same time. Some common examples of the public sector include banks, hospitals and railways undertaken the government. The common examples of the private sector include IT companies, nails showrooms, etc.

(a) (iii)
(b) (i)
(c) (ii)
(d) (iii)

A few examples of public sector activities are provision of water, electricity, transport, banks, etc. the government has taken them up to make it sure that all the people of the country can enjoy these facilities at affordable prices. These public sector activities are set for the betterment of the public itself. Providing these facilities to its citizens is the responsibility of the government.

The public sector contributes to the economic development of a nation in the following ways:
- It promotes rapid economic development through creation and expansion of infrastructure.
- It creates employment opportunities.

- It contributes to the human development index via health and educational services.
- It ensure equality of income, wealth and thus, a balanced regional development.
- It ensures easy availability of goods at affordable prices.

Wages : labourers who are employed in the unorganized sector do not get fixed income. They nearly manage to earn their living. They are not employed all through the year. For examples, vendors, cobber, plumber, etc. proper and fixed wages should be given to these workers so that they can grow and contribute to
the growth of the country. Safety : workers in the unorganized sector are not provided safe and healthy working environment. For example, people working in the mining and chemical industries. There is no job security in this sector. Rules and laws should be there to provide such workers with a safe and secure working life.

Health : workers in the unorganized sector are given no medical security and leaves for sickness. For example, there are no health facilities for the construction workers.

• The larger portion of workers is working in the unorganised sector, the per capita earning of those in organised sector is more.

• The government should encourage the businessmen in the unorganised sector to change them into the organised sector.

• Government needs to bring some incentives so that more industries will be started in the organized sector.

(i) In 2000,
Share of primary sector = 22.22%                                                                    Share of secondary sector = 20.73%
Share of tertiary sector = 57.04%                                                                                In 2013,
Share of primary sector = 13.94%
Share of secondary sector = 18.70%
Share of tertiary sector = 67.36%

(ii)Draw the Diagram

(iii) We can draw the conclusion that the share of the tertiary sector in the GDP has increased by 10% while that of the primary sector has almost halved. The secondary sector has grown by about 2% in the last 13 years.

(i) tourist guide He is appointed by the government while the other three belong to the private sector.

(ii) Vegetable vendor His is the only profession that does not require a formal education while the rest are professionally qualified.

(iii) Cobbler He works in the private sector while the other three work for the public sector.

(iv) SAHARA airlines It is private enterprise, while the rest are owned by the
government of india.

The worker percentage of the unorganised sector in the city is 70%

The classification of economies activities into primary, tertiary and secondary is useful as it helps to classify the different occupations that are taken up by the people in the country and gives information on the contribution of different sectors to the growth of the country. It also helps in ascertaining as to which sector of economic activity contributes more or less to the country GDP and per capita income.

For each of the sectors that we came across in this chapter one should focus on employment and GDP because these determine the development of a country in terms of its economic growth. A focus on employment GDP helps determine two important things – per capita income and productivity. Hence , in each of the three sectors, employment rate and status as well as its contribution to the GDP help us understand how that particular sector is functioning and what needs to be done for its further growth.
Other issues which should be examined are as follows:

. poverty                                                                                                                  . health care facilities
. Education
. Food production
. Advancement of technology

We have classified them according to the nature of activity and whether they are working in an organised or unorganised sector. This gives us information on how and where people are employed.

The tertiary sector different from the primary and secondary sectors this sector does not produce goods its self but others two sectors produce goods. This sector help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors. The activities under the tertiary sector are an aid or support for the production process. For example, transport , communication, storage, banking, insurance, trade activities etc. similarly , doctors, teacher, lawyers, tailor etc. come under the tertiary sector as they provide services rather than material goods. This is why this sector is also termed as service sector.