Class 11 Chemistry - Chapter Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques NCERT Solutions | What is the difference between distillat
What is the difference between distillation, distillation under reduced pressure and steam distillation ?
The differences among distillation, distillation under reduced pressure, and steam distillation are given in the following table.
| S.No | Distillation | Distillation under reduced pressure | Steam distillation |
| 1 | It is used for the purification of compounds that are associated with non-volatile impurities or those liquids, which do not decompose on boiling. In other words, distillation is used to separate volatile liquids from non-volatile impurities or a mixture of those liquids that have sufficient difference in boiling points. | This method is used to purify a liquid that tends to decompose on boiling. Under the conditions of reduced pressure, the liquid will boil at a low temperature than its boiling point and will, therefore, not decompose. | It is used to purify an organic compound, which is steam volatile and immiscible in water. On passing steam, the compound gets heated up and the steam gets condensed to water. After some time, the mixture of water and liquid starts to boil and passes through the condenser. This condensed mixture of water and liquid is then separated by using a separating funnel. |
| 2 | Mixture of petrol and kerosene is separated by this method. | Glycerol is purified by this method. It boils with decomposition at a temperature of 593 K. At a reduced pressure, it boils at 453 K without decomposition. | A mixture of water and aniline is separated by steam distillation |
More Questions From Class 11 Chemistry - Chapter Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques
- Q:-
What are hybridisation states of each carbon atom in the following compounds ?
(i) CH2=C=O,
(ii) CH3CH=CH2,
(iii) (CH3)2CO,
(iv) CH2=CHCN,
(v) C6H6
- Q:-
Explain the terms Inductive and Electromeric effects. Which electron displacement effect explains the following correct orders of acidity of the carboxylic acids?
(a) Cl3CCOOH > Cl2CHCOOH > ClCH2COOH
(b) CH3CH2COOH > (CH3)2CHCOOH > (CH3)3C.COOH
- Q:-
Write bond line formulas for : Isopropyl alcohol, 2,3-Dimethyl butanal, Heptan-4- one.
- Q:-
Give condensed and bond line structural formulas and identify the functional group(s) present, if any, for :
(a) 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
(b) 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid
(c) Hexanedial
- Q:-
Indicate the σ and π bonds in the following molecules :
(i) C6H6,
(ii) C6H12,
(iii) CH2Cl2,
(iv) CH2=C=CH2,
(v) CH3NO2,
(vi) HCONHCH3
- Q:-
Identify the reagents shown in bold in the following equations as nucleophiles or electrophiles:
(a) CH3COOH + HO- → CH3COO- + H2O
(b) CH3COCH3 + C-N → (CH3)2 C (CN) (OH)
(c) C6H5 + CH3C+O → C6H5COCH3
- Q:-
For the following bond cleavages, use curved-arrows to show the electron flow and classify each as homolysis or heterolysis. Identify reactive intermediate produced as free radical, carbocation and carbanion.
- Q:-
Which of the following represents the correct IUPAC name for the compounds concerned?
(a) 2,2-Dimethylpentane or 2-Dimethylpentane
(b) 2,4,7-Trimethyloctane or 2,5,7-Trimethyloctane
(c) 2-Chloro-4-methylpentane or 4-Chloro-2-methylpentane
(d) But-3-yn-1-ol or But-4-ol-1-yne - Q:-
Draw the resonance structures for the following compounds. Show the electron shift using curved-arrow notation.
(a) C6H5OH
(b) C6H5NO2
(c) CH3CH=CHCHO
(d) C6H5–CHO
(e) C6 H5 - C+H2
(f) CH3CH = CHC+H2
- Q:-
Which of the following carbocation is most stable ?
Popular Questions of Class 11 Chemistry
- Q:-
How do you account for the formation of ethane during chlorination of methane?
- Q:-
What will be the minimum pressure required to compress 500 dm3 of air at 1 bar to 200 dm3 at 30°C?
- Q:-
What are the common physical and chemical features of alkali metals?
- Q:-
Calculate the molecular mass of the following:
(i) H2O
(ii) CO2
(iii) CH4 - Q:-
Assign oxidation number to the underlined elements in each of the following species:
(a) NaH2PO4
(b) NaHSO4
(c) H4P2O7
(d) K2MnO4
(e) CaO2
(f) NaBH4
(g) H2S2O7
(h) KAl(SO4)2.12 H2O
- Q:-
What is the basic theme of organisation in the periodic table?
- Q:-
Explain the formation of a chemical bond.
- Q:-
Choose the correct answer. A thermodynamic state function is a quantity
(i) used to determine heat changes
(ii) whose value is independent of path
(iii) used to determine pressure volume work
(iv) whose value depends on temperature only. - Q:-
A liquid is in equilibrium with its vapour in a sealed container at a fixed temperature. The volume of the container is suddenly increased.
a) What is the initial effect of the change on vapour pressure?
b) How do rates of evaporation and condensation change initially?
c) What happens when equilibrium is restored finally and what will be the final vapour pressure? - Q:-
Justify the position of hydrogen in the periodic table on the basis of its electronic configuration.
Recently Viewed Questions of Class 11 Chemistry
- Q:-
What are allotropes? Sketch the structure of two allotropes of carbon namely diamond and graphite. What is the impact of structure on physical properties of two allotropes?
- Q:-
Does the number of moles of reaction products increase, decrease or remain same when each of the following equilibria is subjected to a decrease in pressure by increasing the volume?
(a) PCl5 (g) ↔ PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g)
(b) CaO (s) + CO2 (g) ↔ CaCO3 (s)
(c) 3Fe (s) + 4H2O (g) ↔ Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
- Q:-
Explain why pure liquids and solids can be ignored while writing the equilibrium constant expression?
- Q:-
How would you explain the following observations?
(i) BeO is almost insoluble but BeSO4 in soluble in water,
(ii) BaO is soluble but BaSO4 is insoluble in water,
(iii) LiI is more soluble than KI in ethanol.
- Q:-
Pressure of 1 g of an ideal gas A at 27 °C is found to be 2 bar. When 2 g of another ideal gas B is introduced in the same flask at same temperature the pressure becomes 3 bar. Find a relationship between their molecular masses.
- Q:-
Suggest reasons why the B-F bond lengths in BF3 (130 pm) and BF-4(143 pm) differ.
- Q:-
What is the state of hybridisation of carbon in
(a) CO2-3
(b) diamond
(c) graphite?
- Q:-
Determine the empirical formula of an oxide of iron which has 69.9% iron and 30.1% dioxygen by mass.
- Q:-
On the basis of quantum numbers, justify that the sixth period of the periodic table should have 32 elements.
- Q:-
Do you expect different products in solution when aluminium(III) chloride and potassium chloride treated separately with
(i) normal water
(ii) acidified water, and
(iii) alkaline water?
Write equations wherever necessary.
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