What practical difficulties are encountered by a trader due to incompleteness of accounting records?
The following are the difficulties that are encountered by a trader due to incompleteness of accounting records.
(i) Accuracy of Accounts : When incomplete records are maintained Arithmetical accuracy of accounts cannot be ensured.
(ii) Encourages Fraud : Incomplete records encourages fraud and provides sufficient scope for bluffing and carelessness.
(iii) Difficult to Analyse the True Financial Position : As profit or loss cannot be ascertained easily, so the Balance Sheet cannot be easily prepared. Hence, the absence of Balance Sheet will not reflect the true financial position of the business.
(iv) Difficulty in Comparison : Due to the incomplete records and non - availability of previous years date, comparison is not possible. Comparisons with other firms is also not possible.
(v) Unacceptable to Tax Authorities : Since they do not reflect the true and acceptable presentation of expenses and revenues. These are not acceptable by the tax authorities. Many other problems such as inconvenience in getting the profitability and liquidity of business, difficulty in getting fund from outside etc are encountered.
Credit purchase, during the year is ascertained by preparing :
(a) Total creditors account (b) Total debtors account
(c) Cash account (d) Opening statement of affairs
What are the possible reasons for keeping incomplete records?
Explain how the following may be ascertained from incomplete records:
(a) Opening capital and closing capital
(b) Credit sales and credit purchases
(c) Payments to creditors and collection from debtors
(d) Closing balance of cash.
State the meaning of incomplete records?
Tick the correct answer :
Incomplete record mechanism of book keeping is :
(a) Scientific (b) Unscientific
(c) Unsystematic (d) both (b) and (c)
Distinguish between statement of affairs and balance sheet.
Opening capital is ascertained by preparing :
(a) Total debtors account (b) Total creditors account
(c) Cash account (d) Opening statement of affairs
Write the correct word(s) :
1. Credit sales can be ascertained as the balancing figure in the .......... account.
2. Excess of .......... over ......... represents loss sustained during the period.
3. To ascertain the profit, closing capital is to be adjusted by deducting .......... and adding ..........
4. Incomplete records are generally used by ..........
If opening capital is Rs. 60,000, drawings Rs. 5,000, capital introduced during the period Rs. 10,000, closing capital Rs. 90,000. The value of profit earned during the period will be :
(a) Rs. 20,000 (b) Rs. 25,000
(c) Rs. 30,000 (d) Rs. 40,000
What is meant by a ‘statement of affairs’? How can the profit or loss of a trader be ascertained with the help of a statement of affairs?
Name any two types of commonly used negotiable instruments.
Why is it necessary to record the adjusting entries in the preparation of final accounts?
What is ‘Depreciation’?
Briefly state how the cash book is both journal and a ledger.
State the meaning of a trial balance?
State the four basic requirements of a database applications.
Define accounting.
State the different elements of a computer system.
Why is it necessary for accountants to assume that business entity will remain a going concern?
State the need for the preparation of bank reconciliation statement?
Choose the Correct Answer :
The ledger folio column of journal is used to:
(a) Record the date on which amount posted to a ledger account.
(b) Record the number of ledger account to which information is posted.
(c) Record the number of amounts posted to the ledger account.
(d) Record the page number of the ledger account.
State the four basic requirements of a database applications.
Which qualitative characteristics of accounting information is reflected when accounting information is clearly presented?
a. Understandability
b. Relevance
c. Comparability
d. Reliability
What is meant by renewal of a bill of exchange?
Record the rectification entry for the following transactions:
Credit sales to Rajni 5,000 recorded in Purchases book:
This is an error of ..........................................
State the wrong entry recorded in the book of accounts
Correct effect should have been:
The rectification entry will be:
Should a transaction be first recorded in a journal or ledger? Why?
Discuss the need of preparing a balance sheet.
Which stakeholder group... would be most interested in
_____________________________ (a) the VAT and other tax liabilities of the firm
_____________________________ (b) the potential for pay awards and bouns deals
_____________________________ (c) the ethical or environmental activities of the firm
_____________________________ (d) whether the firm has a long-term future
_____________________________ (e) profitability and share performance
_____________________________ (f) the ability of the firm to carry on providing a
service or producing a product.
When should revenue be recognised? Are there exceptions to the general rule?
Are debits or credits listed first in journal entries? Are debits or credits indented?