Class 11 Accountancy - Chapter Applications of Computers in Accounting NCERT Solutions | Describe the various elements of a compu
Describe the various elements of a computer system and explain the distinctive features of a computer system and manual system.
A computer system is a combination of six elements :
(i) Hardware: Hardware of computer consists of physical components such as keyboard, mouse monitor and processor.
(ii) Software: A set of programmers which is used to work with such hardware, is called its software. A coded set of instructions stored in the form of circuits is called firmware. There are six types of software as follows.
(a) Operating system
(b) Utility Programmer
(c) Application Software
(d) Language Processors
(e) System Software
(f) Connectivity software
(iii) People: People interacting with the computer are also called live - aware of the computer system. They constitute the most important part of the computer system such as System Analysts, Programmers and Operators.
(iv) Procedures: The procedure means a series of operations in certain order or manner to achieve desired results. There are three types of procedures which constitute technical components. Parts of computer system hardware - oriented, software-oriented system and internal procedure.
(v) Data: These are facts and may consist of number, text, etc. These are gathered and entered into a computer system.
(vi) Connectivity: The manner in which a particular computer system is connected to others through telephone lines, microwave transmission, satellite link, etc. is the element of connectivity.
Distinct Features of Computer System and Manual System A computer system has some special feature which a manual system fails to maintain .Some of them are as follows
(i) Speed: Speed of computer makes it special. Normally, human beings take into account a second or a minute as a unit of time. But computers have such a fast operating capability that the relevant unit of time is fraction of a second.
(ii) Accuracy: It refers to the degree of exactness with which computations are made and operations are performed. Through the manual system one might spend years in detecting errors in computer calculation or updating wrong records. Most of the errors in the Computer Based Information System (CBIS) occur because of bad programming ,erroneous data and deviation from procedures. These errors are caused by human beings.
(iii) Reliability: Its Refers to the ability with the computers to remain functional to serve the user. Computer systems are well -adapted to performing repetitive operations. They are immune to tiredness and boredom of fatigue. Therefore, they are more reliable than human beings. On the other hand manual systems cannot be reliable upto that extent.
(iv) Versatility: It refers to the ability of computers to perform a variety of tasks, simple as well as complex. Computers are usually versatile unless designed for a specific application. A general purpose computer is capable of being used in any area of application business, industry, scientific, statistical, technological, communications and so on. A general purpose computer, when installed in an organisation, can take over the jobs of several specialists because of its versatility.
(v) Storage: The computer system, besides having instant access to data, has a huge capacity to store such data in very small physical space. On the other hand, the human brain has some limitations to remember all the events.
It is clear from the above discussion that computers' capabilities outperform human capabilities. As a result, a computer, when used properly, will improve the efficiency of an organisation.
More Questions From Class 11 Accountancy - Chapter Applications of Computers in Accounting
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State the relationship between information and decision.
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Explain, using examples, the relationship between the organisational MIS and the other functional information system in an organisation. Describe how AIS receives and provides information to other functional MIS.
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List the distinctive advantages of a computer system over a manual system.
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State the various essential features of an accounting report.
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Draw block diagram showing the main components of a computer.
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‘An organisation is a collection of interdependent decision-making units that exists to pursue organisational objectives’. In the light of this statement, explain the relationship between information and decisions. Also explain the role of the Transaction Processing System in facilitating the decision-making process in business organisations.
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Fill in the correct words :
1. The user oriented programmes designed and developed for performing certain specific tasks are called as ...........
2. Language syntax is checked by software called as ...........
3. The people who write programmes to implement the data processing system design are called as ...........
4. ........... is the brain of the computer.
5. ........... and ........... are two of the important requirements of an accounting report.
6. An example of responsibility report is ........... - Q:-
What is Accounting Information System?
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Name three components of a Transaction Processing System.
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State the different elements of a computer system.
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The periodic total of purchases return journal is posted to :
(i) Purchase account
(ii) Profit and loss account
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Deepti wants to buy a building for her business today. Which of the following is the relevant data for his decision?
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Complete the following sentences with appropriate words:
(a) Information in financial reports is based on .....................
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Mr. Sunrise started a business for buying and selling of stationery with ₹ 5,00,000 as an initial investment. Of which he paid ₹ 1,00,000 for furniture, ₹ 2,00,000 for buying stationery items. He employed a sales person and clerk. At the end of the month he paid ₹ 5,000 as their salaries. Out of the stationery bought he sold some stationery for ₹ 1,50,000 for cash and some other stationery for ₹ 1,00,000 on credit basis to Mr. Ravi. Subsequently, he bought stationery items of ₹ 1,50,000 from Mr. Peace. In the first week of next month there was a fire accident and he lost ₹ 30,000 worth of stationery. A part of the machinery, which cost ₹ 40,000, was sold for ₹ 45,000.
From the above, answer the following :
1. What is the amount of capital with which Mr. Sunrise started business?
2. What are the fixed assets he bought?
3. What is the value of the goods purchased?
4. Who is the creditor and state the amount payable to him?
5. What are the expenses?
6. What is the gain he earned?
7. What is the loss he incurred?
8. Who is the debtor? What is the amount receivable from him?
9. What is the total amount of expenses and losses incurred?
10. Determine if the following are assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses or none of the these: sales, debtors, creditors, salary to manager, discount to debtors, drawings by the owner. - Q:-
A Trial balance is prepared:
(a) After preparation financial statement.
(b) After recording transactions in subsidiary books.
(c) After posting to ledger is complete.
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Show the treatment of prepaid expenses depreciation, closing stock at the time of preparation of final accounts when:
(a) When given inside the trial balance?
(b) When given outside the trial balance? - Q:-
State the title of the accounts affected, type of account and the account to be debited and account to be credited :
₹
1. Bhanu commenced business with cash 1,00,000
2. Purchased goods on credit from Ramesh 40,000
3. Sold goods for cash 30,000
4. Paid salaries 3,000
5. Furniture purchased for cash 10,000
6. Borrowed from bank 50,000
7. Sold goods to Sarita 10,000
8. Cash paid to Ramesh on account 20,000
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What is meant by renewal of a bill of exchange?
- Q:-
Which of the following answers properly classifies these commonly used accounts:
(1) Building (2) Wages (3) Credit sales (4) Credit purchases (5) Electricity charges due but not yet paid (outstanding electricity bills) (6) Godown rent paid in advance (prepaid godown rent) (7) Sales (8) Fresh capital introduced (9) Drawings (10) Discount paid
Assets Liabilities Capital Revenue Expense
(i) 5,4, 3, 9,6 2,10 8,7
(ii) 1, 6 4, 5 8 7, 3 2,9,10
(iii) 2,10,4 4,6 8 7,5 1,3,9
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