Describe the various elements of a computer system and explain the distinctive features of a computer system and manual system.
A computer system is a combination of six elements :
(i) Hardware: Hardware of computer consists of physical components such as keyboard, mouse monitor and processor.
(ii) Software: A set of programmers which is used to work with such hardware, is called its software. A coded set of instructions stored in the form of circuits is called firmware. There are six types of software as follows.
(a) Operating system
(b) Utility Programmer
(c) Application Software
(d) Language Processors
(e) System Software
(f) Connectivity software
(iii) People: People interacting with the computer are also called live - aware of the computer system. They constitute the most important part of the computer system such as System Analysts, Programmers and Operators.
(iv) Procedures: The procedure means a series of operations in certain order or manner to achieve desired results. There are three types of procedures which constitute technical components. Parts of computer system hardware - oriented, software-oriented system and internal procedure.
(v) Data: These are facts and may consist of number, text, etc. These are gathered and entered into a computer system.
(vi) Connectivity: The manner in which a particular computer system is connected to others through telephone lines, microwave transmission, satellite link, etc. is the element of connectivity.
Distinct Features of Computer System and Manual System A computer system has some special feature which a manual system fails to maintain .Some of them are as follows
(i) Speed: Speed of computer makes it special. Normally, human beings take into account a second or a minute as a unit of time. But computers have such a fast operating capability that the relevant unit of time is fraction of a second.
(ii) Accuracy: It refers to the degree of exactness with which computations are made and operations are performed. Through the manual system one might spend years in detecting errors in computer calculation or updating wrong records. Most of the errors in the Computer Based Information System (CBIS) occur because of bad programming ,erroneous data and deviation from procedures. These errors are caused by human beings.
(iii) Reliability: Its Refers to the ability with the computers to remain functional to serve the user. Computer systems are well -adapted to performing repetitive operations. They are immune to tiredness and boredom of fatigue. Therefore, they are more reliable than human beings. On the other hand manual systems cannot be reliable upto that extent.
(iv) Versatility: It refers to the ability of computers to perform a variety of tasks, simple as well as complex. Computers are usually versatile unless designed for a specific application. A general purpose computer is capable of being used in any area of application business, industry, scientific, statistical, technological, communications and so on. A general purpose computer, when installed in an organisation, can take over the jobs of several specialists because of its versatility.
(v) Storage: The computer system, besides having instant access to data, has a huge capacity to store such data in very small physical space. On the other hand, the human brain has some limitations to remember all the events.
It is clear from the above discussion that computers' capabilities outperform human capabilities. As a result, a computer, when used properly, will improve the efficiency of an organisation.
Popular Questions of Class 11 Accountancy
- Q:- Explain the qualitative characteristics of accounting information.
- Q:-
Mr. Sunrise started a business for buying and selling of stationery with ₹ 5,00,000 as an initial investment. Of which he paid ₹ 1,00,000 for furniture, ₹ 2,00,000 for buying stationery items. He employed a sales person and clerk. At the end of the month he paid ₹ 5,000 as their salaries. Out of the stationery bought he sold some stationery for ₹ 1,50,000 for cash and some other stationery for ₹ 1,00,000 on credit basis to Mr. Ravi. Subsequently, he bought stationery items of ₹ 1,50,000 from Mr. Peace. In the first week of next month there was a fire accident and he lost ₹ 30,000 worth of stationery. A part of the machinery, which cost ₹ 40,000, was sold for ₹ 45,000.
From the above, answer the following :
1. What is the amount of capital with which Mr. Sunrise started business?
2. What are the fixed assets he bought?
3. What is the value of the goods purchased?
4. Who is the creditor and state the amount payable to him?
5. What are the expenses?
6. What is the gain he earned?
7. What is the loss he incurred?
8. Who is the debtor? What is the amount receivable from him?
9. What is the total amount of expenses and losses incurred?
10. Determine if the following are assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses or none of the these: sales, debtors, creditors, salary to manager, discount to debtors, drawings by the owner. - Q:- Describe the role of accounting in the modern world.
- Q:- What do you mean by an asset and what are different types of assets?
- Q:-
Differentiate between source documents and vouchers.
- Q:-
Complete the following sentences with appropriate words:
(a) Information in financial reports is based on .....................
(b) Internal users are the ..................... of the business entity.
(c) A ..................... would most likely use an entities financial report to determine whether or not the business entity is eligible for a loan.
(d) The Internet has assisted in decreasing the ..................... in issuing financial reports to users.
(e) ..................... users are groups outside the business entity, who uses the information to make decisions about the business entity.
(f) Information is said to be relevent if it is ......................
(g) The process of accounting starts with ............ and ends with ............
(h) Accounting measures the business transactions in terms of ............ units.
(i) Identified and measured economic events should be recording in ............ order. - Q:-
What is a journal? Give a specimen of journal showing at least five entries.
- Q:-
Define accounting and state its objectives.
- Q:-
Enumerate informational needs of management.
- Q:-
Complete the following work sheet:
(i) If a firm believes that some of its debtors may ′default′, it should act on this by making sure that all possible losses are recorded in the books. This is an example of the ___________ concept.
(ii) The fact that a business is separate and distinguishable from its owner is best exemplified by the ___________ concept.
(iii) Everything a firm owns, it also owns out to somebody. This co-incidence is explained by the ___________ concept.
(iv) The ___________ concept states that if straight line method of depreciation is used in one year, then it should also be used in the next year.
(v) A firm may hold stock which is heavily in demand. Consequently, the market value of this stock may be increased. Normal accounting procedure is to ignore this because of the ___________.
(vi) If a firm receives an order for goods, it would not be included in the sales figure owing to the ___________.
(vii) The management of a firm is remarkably incompetent, but the firms accountants can not take this into account while preparing book of accounts because of ________ concept.
Recently Viewed Questions of Class 11 Accountancy
- Q:-
Which of the following is not an error of commission:
(a) Overcasting of sales book.
(b) Credit sales to Ramesh 5,000 credited to his account.
(c) Wrong balancing of machinery account.
(d) Cash sales not recorded in cash book. - Q:-
Give the meaning of rebate.
- Q:-
Explain the double entry mechanism with an illustrative example.
- Q:-
State the three parties involved in a bill of exchange.
- Q:-
State the causes of difference occurred due to time lag.
- Q:-
What is difference between trade discount and cash discount?
- Q:-
How many sides does an account have?
(i) Two
(ii) Three
(iii) one
(iv) None of these - Q:- What do you mean by an asset and what are different types of assets?
- Q:-
Cash sales to Radhika 15,000 was shown as receipt of commission in the cash book.
This is the error of ..............................................
State the wrong entry recorded in the book of accountsCorrect effect should have been:
The rectification entry will be:
- Q:-
Enumerate the steps to ascertain the correct cash book balance.
- NCERT Chapter