What entry (debit or credit) would you make to:
(a) increase revenue
(b) decrease in expense,
(c) record drawings
(d) record the fresh capital introduced by the owner.
(a) Increase in revenue: Increase in revenue is credited as it increases the capital. Capital has credit balance and if capital increases, then it is credited.
(b) Decrease in expense: Decrease in expense is credited as all expenses have debit balance. If expense decreases, then it is credited.
(c) Record drawings: Capital has credit balance; if the capital increases, then it is credited. If capital decreases, then it is debited. Drawings are debited as they decrease the capital.
(d) Record of fresh capital introduced by the owner− credit: Capital has credit balance, if capital increases, then it is credited. The introduction of fresh capital increases the balance of capital, and so, it is credited.
Differentiate between source documents and vouchers.
Define accounting and state its objectives.
Complete the following work sheet:
(i) If a firm believes that some of its debtors may ′default′, it should act on this by making sure that all possible losses are recorded in the books. This is an example of the ___________ concept.
(ii) The fact that a business is separate and distinguishable from its owner is best exemplified by the ___________ concept.
(iii) Everything a firm owns, it also owns out to somebody. This co-incidence is explained by the ___________ concept.
(iv) The ___________ concept states that if straight line method of depreciation is used in one year, then it should also be used in the next year.
(v) A firm may hold stock which is heavily in demand. Consequently, the market value of this stock may be increased. Normal accounting procedure is to ignore this because of the ___________.
(vi) If a firm receives an order for goods, it would not be included in the sales figure owing to the ___________.
(vii) The management of a firm is remarkably incompetent, but the firms accountants can not take this into account while preparing book of accounts because of ________ concept.
Giving examples, explain each of the following accounting terms:
* Fixed assets * Revenue * Expenses
* Gain * Profit * Capital
* Short-term liabilities
Discuss the concept-based on the premise do not anticipate profits but provide for all losses.
When should revenue be recognised? Are there exceptions to the general rule?
'Accounting information should be comparable'. Do you agree with this statement? Give two reasons.
Which of following errors will be rectified through suspense account:
(a) Sales return book undercast by Rs. 1,000.
(b) Sales return by Madhu Rs. 1,000 not recorded.
(c) Sales return by Madhu Rs. 1,000 recorded as Rs. 100.
(d) Sales return by Madhu Rs. 1,000 recorded through purchases returns book.
Balancing of account means :
(i) Total of debit side
(ii) Total of credit side
(iii) Difference in total of debit & credit
(iv) None of these
The periodic total of purchases return journal is posted to :
(i) Purchase account
(ii) Profit and loss account
(iii) Purchase returns account
(iv) Furniture account
Credit balance of bank account in cash book shows :
(i) Overdraft
(ii) Cash deposited in our bank
(iii) Cash withdrawn from bank
(iv) None of these
What are special purpose books?
State whether the following statements are True or False :
(a) Journal is a book of secondary entry.
(b) One debit account and more than one credit account in a entry is called compound entry.
(c) Assets sold on credit are entered in sales journal.
(d) Cash and credit purchases are entered in purchasejJournal.
(e) Cash sales are entered in sales journal.
(f) Cash book records transactions relating to receipts and payments.
(g) Ledger is a subsidiary book.
(h) Petty cash book is a book having record of big payments.
(i) Cash received is entered on the debit side of cash book.
(j) Transaction recorded both on debit and credit side of cash book is known as contra entry.
(k) Balancing of account means total of debit and credit side.
(l) Credit purchase of machine is entered in purchase journal.
Goods purchased on cash are recorded in the :
(i) Purchases (journal) book
(ii) Sales (journal) book
(iii) Cash book
(iv) Purchases return (journal) book