Write the difference between return Inwards and return ouwards.
Return Inwards
1) The return inwards arises when goods that are sold are returned back and hence it has to be deducted from the amount of sales.
2) The return inwards account deals with goods returned by customers.
3) It is also called Sales Return.
4) Example:- Let’s suppose a customer ‘Star Pvt Ltd.’ returned goods worth Rs 5,000 to ‘Unreal Corp.’ The journal entry to record these sales returns in the books of Unreal Corp. will be as follows;
Return Inwards A/c | 5,000 |
To Star Pvt. Ltd. A/c | 5,000 |
Return Outwards
1) Return outwards are goods returned by a customer to the seller.
2) They are also called Purchase returns.
3) Outward returns reduce the total accounts payable for a business.
4) Example :- Let’s suppose that a company “Unreal Pvt Ltd.” returned goods worth 10,000 to its supplier ‘Star Pvt Ltd.’ The journal entry to record these returns in the books of Unreal Pvt Ltd. will be as follows;
Star Pvt. Ltd. A/c | 10,000 |
To Return Outwards A/c | 10,000 |
Mr. Sunrise started a business for buying and selling of stationery with ₹ 5,00,000 as an initial investment. Of which he paid ₹ 1,00,000 for furniture, ₹ 2,00,000 for buying stationery items. He employed a sales person and clerk. At the end of the month he paid ₹ 5,000 as their salaries. Out of the stationery bought he sold some stationery for ₹ 1,50,000 for cash and some other stationery for ₹ 1,00,000 on credit basis to Mr. Ravi. Subsequently, he bought stationery items of ₹ 1,50,000 from Mr. Peace. In the first week of next month there was a fire accident and he lost ₹ 30,000 worth of stationery. A part of the machinery, which cost ₹ 40,000, was sold for ₹ 45,000.
From the above, answer the following :
1. What is the amount of capital with which Mr. Sunrise started business?
2. What are the fixed assets he bought?
3. What is the value of the goods purchased?
4. Who is the creditor and state the amount payable to him?
5. What are the expenses?
6. What is the gain he earned?
7. What is the loss he incurred?
8. Who is the debtor? What is the amount receivable from him?
9. What is the total amount of expenses and losses incurred?
10. Determine if the following are assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses or none of the these: sales, debtors, creditors, salary to manager, discount to debtors, drawings by the owner.
Differentiate between source documents and vouchers.
Define accounting and state its objectives.
What is a journal? Give a specimen of journal showing at least five entries.
Complete the following sentences with appropriate words:
(a) Information in financial reports is based on .....................
(b) Internal users are the ..................... of the business entity.
(c) A ..................... would most likely use an entities financial report to determine whether or not the business entity is eligible for a loan.
(d) The Internet has assisted in decreasing the ..................... in issuing financial reports to users.
(e) ..................... users are groups outside the business entity, who uses the information to make decisions about the business entity.
(f) Information is said to be relevent if it is ......................
(g) The process of accounting starts with ............ and ends with ............
(h) Accounting measures the business transactions in terms of ............ units.
(i) Identified and measured economic events should be recording in ............ order.
Complete the following work sheet:
(i) If a firm believes that some of its debtors may ′default′, it should act on this by making sure that all possible losses are recorded in the books. This is an example of the ___________ concept.
(ii) The fact that a business is separate and distinguishable from its owner is best exemplified by the ___________ concept.
(iii) Everything a firm owns, it also owns out to somebody. This co-incidence is explained by the ___________ concept.
(iv) The ___________ concept states that if straight line method of depreciation is used in one year, then it should also be used in the next year.
(v) A firm may hold stock which is heavily in demand. Consequently, the market value of this stock may be increased. Normal accounting procedure is to ignore this because of the ___________.
(vi) If a firm receives an order for goods, it would not be included in the sales figure owing to the ___________.
(vii) The management of a firm is remarkably incompetent, but the firms accountants can not take this into account while preparing book of accounts because of ________ concept.
Enumerate informational needs of management.
Giving examples, explain each of the following accounting terms:
* Fixed assets * Revenue * Expenses
* Gain * Profit * Capital
* Short-term liabilities
Give the meaning of rebate.
Unfavourable bank balance means:
(a) Credit balance in passbook (b) Credit balance in cash book
(c) Debit balance in cash book (d) None of these
State the causes of difference occurred due to time lag.
Fill in the correct words :
1. The user oriented programmes designed and developed for performing certain specific tasks are called as ...........
2. Language syntax is checked by software called as ...........
3. The people who write programmes to implement the data processing system design are called as ...........
4. ........... is the brain of the computer.
5. ........... and ........... are two of the important requirements of an accounting report.
6. An example of responsibility report is ...........
Which is the last step of accounting as a process of information?
a. Recording of data in the books of accounts
b. Preparation of summaries in the form of financial statements
c. Communication of information
d. Analysis and interpretation of information
What is contra entry? How can you deal this entry while preparing double column cash book?
Show the effect through Journal entries:
Credit sales to Mohan 10,000 were posted to his account as 12,000
This is an error of ..................................
The wrong effect has been:
The correct effect should have been:
The rectification entry will be.
Fill in the correct word:
1. Recognition of expenses in the same period as associated revenues is called _______________concept.
2. The accounting concept that refers to the tendency of accountants to resolve uncertainty and doubt in favour of understating assets and revenues and overstating liabilities and expenses is known as _______________.
3. Revenue is generally recognised at the point of sale denotes the concept of _______________.
4. The _______________concept requires that the same accounting method should be used from one accounting period to the next.
5. The_______________concept requires that accounting transactions should be free from the bias of accountants and others.
The primary qualities that make accounting information useful for decision-making are :
(a) Relevance and freedom from bias
(b) Reliability and comparability
(c) Comparability and consistency
(d) None of the above