Question 1: What are the differences between autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition?
Answer:
AUTOTROPHIC NUTRITION:- Autotrophs are those organism which prepare their food, i.e, organic food from the inorganic matter by their own through various processes like photosynthesis or by chemicals, is known as autotrophic nutrition. They are also known as “self- nourishing” organisms.
It contains two types of nutrition :
- Photoautotrophic
- Chemoautotrophic
Photoautotrophic nutrition:-Preparation of organic food from the inorganic material in the organism’s own body by the process of photosynthesis is known as photoautotrophic nutrition. All green plants, some bacteria and protists make their own food by using sunlight. Photosynthesis is the process in which when organisms take carbon dioxide and water from the environment and by using sunlight they convert them into the glucose or oxygen and is taken by the chlorophyll, these organisms are known as phototrophs. The equation of photosynthesis is as follows:-
Chemoautotrophic nutrition: The process of making organic food from the energy released by chemical reactions known as chemoautotrophic nutrition. Some bacteria make organic food by the energy that is released during the oxidation of inorganic material with the help of some chemotrophs. Some nitrifying bacteria like Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter are chemotrophs, which helps in making food from inorganic material.
HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION:- Heterotrophs are those organisms which take organic food from the autotrophs, i.e, they are dependent on other organism for the food consumption. So taking of organic food that is made by autotrophs is known as heterotrophic nutrition.
It includes 4 kinds :
- Saprotrophic nutrition
- Holotrophic nutrition
- Mixotrophic nutrition
- Parasitic nutrition
Saprotrophic nutrition: it is also known as absorptive nutrition, which absorb fluid in the form of food through their body surface is saprotrophic nutrition.
Holotrophic nutrition: The process of taking solid or fluid form of food through mouth is known as holotrophic or ingestive nutrition. In this all invertebrates or vertebrate feeds on plants or animals by breaking the larger molecules into smaller molecules with the help of digestive enzymes and then they are absorbed by the their cells.
Mixotrophic nutrition: Some organisms carry both types autotrophic or saprotrophic nutrition at the same time is known as mixotrophic nutrition.
Parasitic nutrition: When the parasites obtain their food material from the body of the host is known as parasitic nutrition.
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