What are the differences between autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition?
AUTOTROPHIC NUTRITION:- Autotrophs are those organism which prepare their food, i.e, organic food from the inorganic matter by their own through various processes like photosynthesis or by chemicals, is known as autotrophic nutrition. They are also known as “self- nourishing” organisms.
It contains two types of nutrition :
Photoautotrophic nutrition:-Preparation of organic food from the inorganic material in the organism’s own body by the process of photosynthesis is known as photoautotrophic nutrition. All green plants, some bacteria and protists make their own food by using sunlight. Photosynthesis is the process in which when organisms take carbon dioxide and water from the environment and by using sunlight they convert them into the glucose or oxygen and is taken by the chlorophyll, these organisms are known as phototrophs. The equation of photosynthesis is as follows:-
Chemoautotrophic nutrition: The process of making organic food from the energy released by chemical reactions known as chemoautotrophic nutrition. Some bacteria make organic food by the energy that is released during the oxidation of inorganic material with the help of some chemotrophs. Some nitrifying bacteria like Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter are chemotrophs, which helps in making food from inorganic material.
HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION:- Heterotrophs are those organisms which take organic food from the autotrophs, i.e, they are dependent on other organism for the food consumption. So taking of organic food that is made by autotrophs is known as heterotrophic nutrition.
It includes 4 kinds :
Saprotrophic nutrition: it is also known as absorptive nutrition, which absorb fluid in the form of food through their body surface is saprotrophic nutrition.
Holotrophic nutrition: The process of taking solid or fluid form of food through mouth is known as holotrophic or ingestive nutrition. In this all invertebrates or vertebrate feeds on plants or animals by breaking the larger molecules into smaller molecules with the help of digestive enzymes and then they are absorbed by the their cells.
Mixotrophic nutrition: Some organisms carry both types autotrophic or saprotrophic nutrition at the same time is known as mixotrophic nutrition.
Parasitic nutrition: When the parasites obtain their food material from the body of the host is known as parasitic nutrition.
When a 12 V battery is connected across an unknown resistor, there is a current of 2.5 mA in the circuit. Find the value of the resistance of the resistor.
Outline a project which aims to find the dominant coat colour in dogs.
Draw the structure for the following compounds.
(i) Ethanoic acid (ii) Bromopentane*
(iii) Butanone (iv) Hexanal.
*Are structural isomers possible for bromopentane?
A hot plate of an electric oven connected to a 220 V line has two resistance coils A and B, each of 24 Ω resistance, which may be used separately, in series, or in parallel. What are the currents in the three cases?
How is the sex of the child determined in human beings?
(a) What property do all elements in the same column of the Periodic Table as boron have in common?
(b) What property do all elements in the same column of the Periodic Table as fluorine have in common?
Calculate the number of electrons constituting one coulomb of charge.
What is an homologous series? Explain with an example.
Why is variation beneficial to the species but not necessarily for the individual?
A man with blood group A marries a woman with blood group O and their daughter has blood group O. Is this information enough to tell you which of the traits – blood group A or O – is dominant? Why or why not?
An object 5.0 cm in length is placed at a distance of 20 cm in front of a convex mirror of radius of curvature 30 cm. Find the position of the image, its nature and size.
An object 5 cm in length is held 25 cm away from a converging lens of focal length 10 cm. Draw the ray diagram and find the position, size and the nature of the image formed.
How can you as an individual contribute or make a difference to the management of (a) forests and wildlife, (b) water resources and (c) coal and petroleum?
Describe double circulation of blood in human beings. Why is it necessary?
Compare the power used in the 2 Ω resistor in each of the following circuits:
(i) a 6 V battery in series with 1 Ω and 2 Ω resistors, and (ii) a 4 V battery in parallel with 12 Ω and 2 Ω resistors.
Write equations for the reactions of
(i) iron with steam
(ii) calcium and potassium with water.
Food cans are coated with tin and not with zinc because
(a) zinc is costlier than tin.
(b) zinc has a higher melting point than tin.
(c) zinc is more reactive than tin.
(d) zinc is less reactive than tin.
How is the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) affected when excess base is dissolved in a solution of sodium hydroxide?
Why is variation beneficial to the species but not necessarily for the individual?
The magnification produced by a plane mirror is +1. What does this mean?