Class 11 Chemistry - Chapter Hydrocarbons NCERT Solutions | Arrange the following set of compounds i
Arrange the following set of compounds in order of their decreasing relative reactivity with an electrophile, E+
(a) Chlorobenzene, 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrochlorobenzene
(b) Toluene, p-H3C-C6H4-NO2, p-O2N-C6H4-NO2.
Electrophiles are reagents that participate in a reaction by accepting an electron pair in order to bond to nucleophiles.
The higher the electron density on a benzene ring, the more reactive is the compound towards an electrophile, E+ (Electrophilic reaction).
(a) The presence of an electron withdrawing group (i.e., NO2- and Cl-) deactivates the aromatic ring by decreasing the electron density.
Since NO2- group is more electron withdrawing (due to resonance effect) than the Cl- group (due to inductive effect), the decreasing order of reactivity is as follows:
Chlorobenzene > p - nitrochlorobenzene > 2, 4 - dinitrochlorobenzene
(b) While CH3- is an electron donating group, NO2- group is electron withdrawing. Hence, toluene will have the maximum electron density and is most easily attacked by E+.
NO2- is an electron withdrawing group. Hence, when the number of NO2- substituents is greater, the order is as follows:
Toluene > p-CH3-C6H4-NO2, p -O2 N-C6H4-NO2
More Questions From Class 11 Chemistry - Chapter Hydrocarbons
- Q:-
Addition of HBr to propene yields 2-bromopropane, while in the presence of benzoyl peroxide, the same reaction yields 1-bromopropane. Explain and give mechanism.
- Q:-
An alkene 'A' on ozonolysis gives a mixture of ethanal and pentan-3-one. Write structure and IUPAC name of 'A'.
- Q:-
Write IUPAC names of the products obtained by the ozonolysis of the following compounds:
(i) Pent-2-ene
(ii) 3,4-Dimethyl-hept-3-ene
(iii) 2-Ethylbut-1-ene
(iv) 1-Phenylbut-1-ene
- Q:-
How would you convert the following compounds into benzene?
(i) Ethyne (ii) Ethene (iii) Hexane
- Q:-
Why does benzene undergo electrophilic substitution reactions easily and nucleophilic substitutions with difficulty?
- Q:-
Arrange benzene, n-hexane and ethyne in decreasing order of acidic behaviour. Also give reason for this behaviour.
- Q:-
Explain why the following systems are not aromatic?
- Q:-
Why is Wurtz reaction not preferred for the preparation of alkanes containing odd number of carbon atoms? Illustrate your answer by taking one example.
- Q:-
How do you account for the formation of ethane during chlorination of methane?
- Q:-
What are the necessary conditions for any system to be aromatic?
Popular Questions of Class 11 Chemistry
- Q:-
What are hybridisation states of each carbon atom in the following compounds ?
(i) CH2=C=O,
(ii) CH3CH=CH2,
(iii) (CH3)2CO,
(iv) CH2=CHCN,
(v) C6H6
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(b) NaHSO4
(c) H4P2O7
(d) K2MnO4
(e) CaO2
(f) NaBH4
(g) H2S2O7
(h) KAl(SO4)2.12 H2O
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Choose the correct answer. A thermodynamic state function is a quantity
(i) used to determine heat changes
(ii) whose value is independent of path
(iii) used to determine pressure volume work
(iv) whose value depends on temperature only. - Q:-
A liquid is in equilibrium with its vapour in a sealed container at a fixed temperature. The volume of the container is suddenly increased.
a) What is the initial effect of the change on vapour pressure?
b) How do rates of evaporation and condensation change initially?
c) What happens when equilibrium is restored finally and what will be the final vapour pressure? - Q:-
Justify the position of hydrogen in the periodic table on the basis of its electronic configuration.
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- Q:-
How would you explain the following observations?
(i) BeO is almost insoluble but BeSO4 in soluble in water,
(ii) BaO is soluble but BaSO4 is insoluble in water,
(iii) LiI is more soluble than KI in ethanol.
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(b) exhibit oxidation state of +2 and +4
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