‘There is a downward trend in inequality world-wide with a rise in the average education levels’. Comment.
Theoretically, there is a negative relationship between education level and degree of inequality. This relationship has been practically established across the world in recent decades. Education not only imparts technical skills but also at the same time enhances productivity of a person. An educated person, endowed with higher productivity and efficiency enjoys relatively higher income earning capacity. The higher income earning capacity and greater acceptability of modern techniques raise the standard and quality of living. Distribution of income has become less skewed and gap between the rich and the poor has been narrowing slowly. Gradually, the importance of education is being realised world-wide and, consequently, governments of different countries have been investing heavily in the education sector. With the rise in average education levels, not only inequality but also other problems like, poverty, underutilisation of resources and inferior standards and quality of life have been minimised.
Trace the relationship between human capital and economic growth.
Discuss the need for promoting women’s education in India.
Discuss the following as a source of human capital formation
(i) Health infrastructure
(ii) Expenditure on migration.
What are the main problems of human capital formation in India?
What are the indicators of educational achievement in a country?
How is human development a broader term as compared to human capital?
Education is considered to be an important input for the development of a nation. How?
What factors contribute to human capital formation?
Argue in favour of the need for different forms of government intervention in education and health sectors.
How does investment in human capital contribute to growth?
What was the focus of the economic policies pursued by the colonial government in India? What were the impacts of these policies?
What do you mean by rural development? Bring out the key issues in rural development.
Define a plan?
Who is a worker?
Explain the term ‘infrastructure’.
What is meant by environment?
Why are regional and economic groupings formed?
Why were reforms introduced in India?
Why calorie-based norm is not adequate to identify the poor?
Name some notable economists who estimated India’s per capita income during the colonial period?
Match the following:
1. Prime Minister 3. Quota 4. Land Reforms 5. HYV Seeds 6. Subsidy |
A. Seeds that give large proportion of output C. Chairperson of the planning commission D. The money value of all the final goods and services produced within the economy in one year. E. Improvements in the field of agriculture to increase its productivity F. The monetary assistance given by government for production activities. |
How is RBI controlling the commercial banks?
Why has the industrial sector performed poorly in the reform period?
How has women’s health become a matter of great concern?
Explain ‘growth with equity’ as a planning objective.
Suppose you are a resident of a village, suggest a few measures to tackle the problem of poverty.
Give reasons for the slow growth and re-emergence of poverty in Pakistan.
What programmes has the government adopted to help the elderly people and poor and destitute women?
Why are employment generation programmes important in poverty alleviation in India?
Fill in the blanks
(a) First Five Year Plan of ________________ commenced in the year 1956. (Pakistan/China)
(b) Maternal mortality rate is high in _____________. (China/Pakistan)
(c) Proportion of people below poverty line is more in __________. (India/Pakistan)
(d) Reforms in ______________ were introduced in 1978. (China/Pakistan)