Class 11 Economics - Indian Economic Development - Chapter Environment and Sustainable Development NCERT Solutions | What is meant by environment?

What are the functions of the environment?

Highlight any two serious adverse environmental consequences of development in India. India’s environmental problems pose a dichotomy — they are poverty induced and, at the same time, due to affluence in living standards — is this true?

Explain the supply-demand reversal of environmental resources.

What happens when the rate of resource extraction exceeds that of their regeneration?

India has abundant natural resources —substantiate the statement.

Give two instances of

(a) Overuse of environmental resources
(b) Misuse of environmental resources.

Is environmental crisis a recent phenomenon? If so, why?

Identify six factors contributing to land degradation in India.

Explain how the opportunity costs of negative environmental impact are high.

How do the following factors contribute to the environmental crisis in India? What problem do they pose for the government?

(i) Rising population
(ii) Air pollution
(iii) Water contamination
(iv) Affluent consumption standards
(v) Illiteracy
(vi) Industrialisation
(vii) Urbanisation
(viii) Reduction of forest coverage
(ix) Poaching
(x) Global warming

What was the focus of the economic policies pursued by the colonial government in India? What were the impacts of these policies?

What are the two major sources of human capital in a country?

What do you mean by rural development? Bring out the key issues in rural development.

Define a plan?

Who is a worker?

Explain the term ‘infrastructure’.

Why are regional and economic groupings formed?

Why were reforms introduced in India?

Why calorie-based norm is not adequate to identify the poor?

Name some notable economists who estimated India’s per capita income during the colonial period?

Explain the role of non-farm employment in promoting rural diversification.

Bring out the need for on-the-job-training for a person.

How has women’s health become a matter of great concern?

Agriculture sector appears to be adversely affected by the reform process. Why?

What programmes has the government adopted to help the elderly people and poor and destitute women?

Explain the role of micro-credit in meeting credit requirements of the poor.

Education is considered to be an important input for the development of a nation. How?

‘Information technology plays a very significant role in achieving sustainable development and food security’ - comment.

What are the two major sources of human capital in a country?

Critically evaluate the role of the rural banking system in the process of rural development in India.