Suppose the demand and supply curves of salt are given by:
(a) Find the equilibrium price and quantity.
(b) Now, suppose that the price of an input that used to produce salt has increased so, that the new supply curve is qs = 400 + 3p
How does the equilibrium price and quantity change? Does the change conform to your expectation?
(a) Suppose the government has imposed at ax of Rs 3 per unit of sale on salt. How does it affect the equilibrium rice quantity?
qD = 1000 – p- (1)
qs = 700 + 2 p –(2)
(a) At equilibrium
qd = qs
1000 - p = 700 + 2p
300 = 3 p
P = Rs100
qd = 1000 - 100 [Substituting the value of p in equation (1)]
= 900 units
So, the equilibrium price is Rs 100 and equilibrium quantity is 900 units.
(b) New quantity supplied '
qs = 400 + 2p
At equilibrium qd = qs
1000 - p = 400 + 2p
600 = 3p
200 = p
p = Rs 200
Prior to the increase in the price of input, the equilibrium price was Rs
100, and after the rise in input's price, the equilibrium price is Rs 200.
So the change in the equilibrium price in Rs 100 (200 - 100).
qd = 4000 - 200 [Subtitling the value of p in equation (1)]
= 800 units
The change in the equilibrium quantity is 100 units (i.e. 900 - 800 units).
Yes, this change is obvious, as due to the change in the input's price,
the cost of producing salt has increased that will shift the marginal cost
curve leftward and move the supply curve to the left. A leftward shift in
the supply curve results in a rise in the equilibrium price and a fall in the
equilibrium quantity.
(c) The imposition of tax of Rs 3 per unit of salt sold will raise the cost of
producing salt. This will shift the supply curve leftwards and the
quantity supplied equation will become
ys = 700 + 2 (p - 3)
At equilibrium
Yd=Ys
1000 - p = 700 +2 (p - 3)
1000 - p = 700 +2p – 6
306 =
p = Rs 102
Substituting the value of p in equation (1)
yd = 1000 – p
yd = 1000 – 102
yd = 898 units
Thus, the imposition of tax of Rs 3 per unit of salt sold will result in an
increase in the price of salt from Rs 100 to Rs 102. The equilibrium
quantity falls from 900 units to 898 units.
What is the supply curve of a firm in the long run?
The market price of a good changes from Rs 5 to Rs 20. As a result, the quantity supplied by a firm increases by 15 units. The price elasticity of the firm’s supply curve is 0.5. Find the initial and final output levels of the firm.
A firm earns a revenue of Rs 50 when the market price of a good is Rs 10. The market price increases to Rs 15 and the firm now earns a revenue of Rs 150. What is the price elasticity of the firm’s supply curve?
Distinguish between a centrally planned economy and a market economy.
How does the imposition of a unit tax affect the supply curve of a firm?
A consumer wants to consume two goods. The prices of the two goods are Rs 4
and Rs 5 respectively. The consumer’s income is Rs 20.
(i) Write down the equation of the budget line.
(ii) How much of good 1 can the consumer consume if she spends her entire
income on that good?
(iii) How much of good 2 can she consume if she spends her entire income on
that good?
(iv) What is the slope of the budget line?
Questions 5, 6 and 7 are related to question 4.
What is the relation between market price and average revenue of a price-taking firm?
What is budget line?
Suppose there are 20 consumers for a good and they have identical demand functions:
d(p)=10–3pd(p)=10–3p for any price less than or equal to 103103 and d1(p)=0d1(p)=0 at any price greater than 103.
Suppose your friend is indifferent to the bundles (5, 6) and (6, 6). Are the preferences of your friend monotonic?
What is the supply curve of a firm in the short run?
How is the equilibrium number of firms determined in a market where entry and exit is permitted?
Why is the short-run marginal cost curve 'U'-shaped?
Suppose your friend is indifferent to the bundles (5, 6) and (6, 6). Are the preferences of your friend monotonic?
What is the value of the MR when the demand curve is elastic?
At which point does the SMC curve intersect the SAC curve? Give a reason in support of your answer.
Suppose a consumer wants to consume two goods which are available only in
integer units. The two goods are equally priced at Rs 10 and the consumer’s
income is Rs 40.
(i) Write down all the bundles that are available to the consumer.
(ii) Among the bundles that are available to the consumer, identify those which cost her exactly Rs 40.
Suppose there was a 4 % decrease in the price of a good, and as a result, the expenditure on the good increased by 2 %. What can you say about the elasticity of demand?
Suppose a consumer can afford to buy 6 units of good 1 and 8 units of good 2
if she spends her entire income. The prices of the two goods are Rs 6 and Rs 8
respectively. How much is the consumer’s income?
What is the ‘price line’?