Religious studies, not to be confused with religion and its practice, is the academic approach towards religion – its origin, philosophy, popularity and following, and disintegration. It seeks to explain the foundation and basis of the religions of the world, and factors that govern their existence.
Theology has marked difference against religious studies. A scholar of the latter need not necessarily be a believer. He may be an atheist dedicated to the understanding of religion. Theology has to do more with the practice of rituals and customs associated with religion, while the objective study of it falls under the ambit of religious study.
The motive of the study is to describe and define, compare, interpret and understand, so as to explain religion. Due emphasis is paid on the customs and perspective of the people. It is also involves the going down the lanes of time and digging out the history of the religion – its emergence and growth.
As a discipline of study, it emerged in the 19th century, when a committed approach was undertaken by scholars and historians. But the desire to explore religion has existed since time immemorial. It only developed as a field of learning so late. The need to inquire, a degree of curiosity, and passion to explore is the basic pre-requisite to being a part of this stream of study.
There are a few concepts that Religious Studies seeks to dwell in –
Origin of religion – Emergence of religions, dating even before pre-history period.
History of Religion – Includes the historicity of the religious figures and events, and evolution of doctrines.
Sociology of Religion – Studies the social aspects of religion – theory and in-practice, the social structure of the communities, and religious relations.
Psychology of Religion – Tries to explain the psychological principles governing religious communities and the practitioners of religion.
Anthropology of religion – What are those needs of humans that religion satisfies or meets.
Literary Approach to Religion – The interpretation of religion in the literary context.
Religious Studies has adopted a number of specific methodologies that have aided in furthering the research and study of the varied and infinite number of religions and their sects by such professionals.
