Class 11 Chemistry - Chapter Hydrogen NCERT Solutions | Discuss the principle and method of soft
Discuss the principle and method of softening of hard water by synthetic ion-exchange resins.
The process of treating permanent hardness of water using synthetic resins is based on the exchange of cations (e.g., Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ etc) and anions (e.g., Cl-, SO2-4, HCO-3 etc) present in water by H+ and OH- ions respectively.
Synthetic resins are of two types:
1) Cation exchange resins
2) Anion exchange resins
Cation exchange resins are large organic molecules that contain the -SO3H group. The resin is firstly changed to RNa (from RSO3H) by treating it with NaCl. This resin then exchanges Na+ ions with Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions, thereby making the water soft.
2RNa + M2+ (aq) → R2M(s) + 2Na + (aq)
There are cation exchange resins in H+ form. The resins exchange H+ ions for Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ ions.
Anion exchange resins exchange OH- ions for anions like Cl-,HCO-3, and SO42- present in water.
During the complete process, water first passes through the cation exchange process. The water obtained after this process is free from mineral cations and is acidic in nature.
This acidic water is then passed through the anion exchange process where OH- ions neutralize the H+ ions and de-ionize the water obtained.
More Questions From Class 11 Chemistry - Chapter Hydrogen
- Q:-
Justify the position of hydrogen in the periodic table on the basis of its electronic configuration.
- Q:-
Compare the structures of H2O and H2O2.
- Q:-
Write chemical reactions to show the amphoteric nature of water.
- Q:-
Arrange the following
(i) CaH2, BeH2 and TiH2 in order of increasing electrical conductance.
(ii) LiH, NaH and CsH in order of increasing ionic character.
(iii) H-H, D-D and F-F in order of increasing bond dissociation enthalpy.
(iv) NaH, MgH2 and H2O in order of increasing reducing property.
- Q:-
What do you understand by the term “non-stoichiometric hydrides”? Do you expect this type of the hydrides to be formed by alkali metals? Justify your answer.
- Q:-
What is meant by 'demineralised' water and how can it be obtained?
- Q:-
What causes the temporary and permanent hardness of water?
- Q:-
How does H2O2 behave as a bleaching agent?
- Q:-
Why does hydrogen occur in a diatomic form rather than in a monoatomic form under normal conditions?
- Q:-
Describe the bulk preparation of dihydrogen by electrolytic method. What is the role of an electrolyte in this process?
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(i) CH2=C=O,
(ii) CH3CH=CH2,
(iii) (CH3)2CO,
(iv) CH2=CHCN,
(v) C6H6
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(i) H2O
(ii) CO2
(iii) CH4 - Q:-
Assign oxidation number to the underlined elements in each of the following species:
(a) NaH2PO4
(b) NaHSO4
(c) H4P2O7
(d) K2MnO4
(e) CaO2
(f) NaBH4
(g) H2S2O7
(h) KAl(SO4)2.12 H2O
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(i) used to determine heat changes
(ii) whose value is independent of path
(iii) used to determine pressure volume work
(iv) whose value depends on temperature only. - Q:-
A liquid is in equilibrium with its vapour in a sealed container at a fixed temperature. The volume of the container is suddenly increased.
a) What is the initial effect of the change on vapour pressure?
b) How do rates of evaporation and condensation change initially?
c) What happens when equilibrium is restored finally and what will be the final vapour pressure?
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- Q:-
Explain the terms Inductive and Electromeric effects. Which electron displacement effect explains the following correct orders of acidity of the carboxylic acids?
(a) Cl3CCOOH > Cl2CHCOOH > ClCH2COOH
(b) CH3CH2COOH > (CH3)2CHCOOH > (CH3)3C.COOH
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(i) BF3 + LiH →
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(iv) H3BO3
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(vi) B2H6 + NH3 →
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Mass of dinitrogen Mass of dioxygen
(i) 14 g 16 g
(ii) 14 g 32 g
(iii) 28 g 32 g
(iv) 28 g 80 g
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(b) Fill in the blanks in the following conversions:
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(ii) 1 mg = ...................... kg = ...................... ng
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