What do you expect the nature of hydrides is, if formed by elements of atomic numbers 15, 19, 23 and 44 with dihydrogen? Compare their behaviour towards water.
The elements of atomic numbers 15, 19, 23, and 44 are nitrogen, potassium, vanadium, and ruthenium respectively.
1) Hydride of nitrogen
Hydride of nitrogen (NH3) is a covalent molecule. It is an electron-rich hydride owing to the presence of excess electrons as a lone pair on nitrogen.
2) Hydride of potassium
Dihydrogen forms an ionic hydride with potassium owing to the high electropositive nature of potassium. It is crystalline and non-volatile in nature.
3) Hydrides of Vanadium and Ruthenium
Both vanadium and ruthenium belong to the d-block of the periodic table. The metals of d-block form metallic or non-stoichiometric hydrides. Hydrides of vanadium and ruthenium are therefore, metallic in nature having a deficiency of hydrogen.
4) Behaviour of hydrides towards water
Potassium hydride reacts violently with water as: KH(s) + H2O(aq) → KOH(aq) + H2(g)
Ammonia (NH3) behaves as a Lewis base and reacts with water as:
H2O(l) + NH3(aq) ↔ OH-(aq) + NH+ 4(aq)
Hydrides of vanadium and Ruthenium do not react with water. Hence, the increasing order of reactivity of the hydrides is (V, Ru) H < NH3 < KH.
Justify the position of hydrogen in the periodic table on the basis of its electronic configuration.
Compare the structures of H2O and H2O2.
Write chemical reactions to show the amphoteric nature of water.
Arrange the following
(i) CaH2, BeH2 and TiH2 in order of increasing electrical conductance.
(ii) LiH, NaH and CsH in order of increasing ionic character.
(iii) H-H, D-D and F-F in order of increasing bond dissociation enthalpy.
(iv) NaH, MgH2 and H2O in order of increasing reducing property.
Discuss the principle and method of softening of hard water by synthetic ion-exchange resins.
What do you understand by the term “non-stoichiometric hydrides”? Do you expect this type of the hydrides to be formed by alkali metals? Justify your answer.
What is meant by 'demineralised' water and how can it be obtained?
What causes the temporary and permanent hardness of water?
How does H2O2 behave as a bleaching agent?
Why does hydrogen occur in a diatomic form rather than in a monoatomic form under normal conditions?
How do you account for the formation of ethane during chlorination of methane?
What are hybridisation states of each carbon atom in the following compounds ?
(i) CH2=C=O,
(ii) CH3CH=CH2,
(iii) (CH3)2CO,
(iv) CH2=CHCN,
(v) C6H6
What will be the minimum pressure required to compress 500 dm3 of air at 1 bar to 200 dm3 at 30°C?
What are the common physical and chemical features of alkali metals?
Calculate the molecular mass of the following:
(i) H2O
(ii) CO2
(iii) CH4
Assign oxidation number to the underlined elements in each of the following species:
(a) NaH2PO4
(b) NaHSO4
(c) H4P2O7
(d) K2MnO4
(e) CaO2
(f) NaBH4
(g) H2S2O7
(h) KAl(SO4)2.12 H2O
What is the basic theme of organisation in the periodic table?
Explain the formation of a chemical bond.
Choose the correct answer. A thermodynamic state function is a quantity
(i) used to determine heat changes
(ii) whose value is independent of path
(iii) used to determine pressure volume work
(iv) whose value depends on temperature only.
A liquid is in equilibrium with its vapour in a sealed container at a fixed temperature. The volume of the container is suddenly increased.
a) What is the initial effect of the change on vapour pressure?
b) How do rates of evaporation and condensation change initially?
c) What happens when equilibrium is restored finally and what will be the final vapour pressure?
Which hybrid orbitals are used by carbon atoms in the following molecules?
(a)CH3–CH3;
(b) CH3–CH=CH2;
(c) CH3-CH2-OH;
(d) CH3-CHO
(e) CH3COOH
Explain the significance of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium inbiological fluids.
For the following equilibrium, Kc = 6.3 × 1014 at 1000 K
NO (g) + O3 (g) ↔ NO2 (g) + O2 (g)
Both the forward and reverse reactions in the equilibrium are elementary bimolecular reactions. What is Kc, for the reverse reaction?
Explain with the help of suitable example polar covalent bond.
What is the difference between distillation, distillation under reduced pressure and steam distillation ?
What is the total number of sigma and pi bonds in the following molecules?
(a) C2H2 (b) C2H4
Have you ever observed any water pollution in your area? What measures would you suggest to control it?
Predict which of the following reaction will have appreciable concentration of reactants and products:
a) Cl2 (g) ↔ 2Cl (g) Kc = 5 ×10–39
b) Cl2 (g) + 2NO (g) ↔ 2NOCl (g) Kc = 3.7 × 108
c) Cl2 (g) + 2NO2 (g) ↔ 2NO2Cl (g) Kc = 1.8
Arrange the following metals in the order in which they displace each other from the solution of their salts.
Al, Cu, Fe, Mg and Zn.
Dual behaviour of matter proposed by de Broglie led to the discovery of electron microscope often used for the highly magnified images of biological molecules and other type of material. If the velocity of the electron in this microscope is 1.6 × 106 ms–1, calculate de Broglie wavelength associated with this electron.