Class 11 Economics - Indian Economic Development - Chapter Environment and Sustainable Development NCERT Solutions | India has abundant natural resources &md

What are the functions of the environment?

Highlight any two serious adverse environmental consequences of development in India. India’s environmental problems pose a dichotomy — they are poverty induced and, at the same time, due to affluence in living standards — is this true?

Explain the supply-demand reversal of environmental resources.

What happens when the rate of resource extraction exceeds that of their regeneration?

Give two instances of

(a) Overuse of environmental resources
(b) Misuse of environmental resources.

Is environmental crisis a recent phenomenon? If so, why?

Identify six factors contributing to land degradation in India.

Explain how the opportunity costs of negative environmental impact are high.

How do the following factors contribute to the environmental crisis in India? What problem do they pose for the government?

(i) Rising population
(ii) Air pollution
(iii) Water contamination
(iv) Affluent consumption standards
(v) Illiteracy
(vi) Industrialisation
(vii) Urbanisation
(viii) Reduction of forest coverage
(ix) Poaching
(x) Global warming

Explain the relevance of intergenerational equity in the definition of sustainable development.

What was the focus of the economic policies pursued by the colonial government in India? What were the impacts of these policies?

What are the two major sources of human capital in a country?

What do you mean by rural development? Bring out the key issues in rural development.

Define a plan?

Who is a worker?

Explain the term ‘infrastructure’.

Why are regional and economic groupings formed?

Why were reforms introduced in India?

Why calorie-based norm is not adequate to identify the poor?

Name some notable economists who estimated India’s per capita income during the colonial period?

The traditional handicrafts industries were ruined under the British rule. Do you agree with this view? Give reasons in support of your answer.

Who is a casual wage labourer?

How can we increase the effectiveness of health care programmes?

In your view, is it essential for the government to regulate the fee structure in education and health care institutions? If so, why?

You are residing in a village. If you are asked to advice the village panchayat, what kinds of activities would you suggest for the improvement of your village which would also generate employment.

How will you know whether a worker is working in the informal sector?

Differentiate the six systems of Indian medicine.

Fill in the blanks

(a) First Five Year Plan of ________________ commenced in the year 1956. (Pakistan/China)
(b) Maternal mortality rate is high in _____________. (China/Pakistan)
(c) Proportion of people below poverty line is more in __________. (India/Pakistan)
(d) Reforms in ______________ were introduced in 1978. (China/Pakistan)

What are the main problems of human capital formation in India?

Victor is able to get work only for two hours in a day. Rest of the day, he is looking for work. Is he unemployed? Why? What kind of jobs could persons like Victor be doing?