Class 11 Economics - Indian Economic Development - Chapter Environment and Sustainable Development NCERT Solutions | Give two instances of (a) Overuse of

What are the functions of the environment?

Highlight any two serious adverse environmental consequences of development in India. India’s environmental problems pose a dichotomy — they are poverty induced and, at the same time, due to affluence in living standards — is this true?

Explain the supply-demand reversal of environmental resources.

What happens when the rate of resource extraction exceeds that of their regeneration?

India has abundant natural resources —substantiate the statement.

Is environmental crisis a recent phenomenon? If so, why?

Identify six factors contributing to land degradation in India.

Explain how the opportunity costs of negative environmental impact are high.

How do the following factors contribute to the environmental crisis in India? What problem do they pose for the government?

(i) Rising population
(ii) Air pollution
(iii) Water contamination
(iv) Affluent consumption standards
(v) Illiteracy
(vi) Industrialisation
(vii) Urbanisation
(viii) Reduction of forest coverage
(ix) Poaching
(x) Global warming

Explain the relevance of intergenerational equity in the definition of sustainable development.

What was the focus of the economic policies pursued by the colonial government in India? What were the impacts of these policies?

What are the two major sources of human capital in a country?

What do you mean by rural development? Bring out the key issues in rural development.

Define a plan?

Who is a worker?

Explain the term ‘infrastructure’.

Why are regional and economic groupings formed?

Why were reforms introduced in India?

Why calorie-based norm is not adequate to identify the poor?

Name some notable economists who estimated India’s per capita income during the colonial period?

What is the state of rural infrastructure in India?

‘Information technology plays a very significant role in achieving sustainable development and food security’ - comment.

Is there any relationship between unemployment and poverty? Explain.

Victor is able to get work only for two hours in a day. Rest of the day, he is looking for work. Is he unemployed? Why? What kind of jobs could persons like Victor be doing?

The newly emerging jobs are found mostly in the sector (service/manufacturing).

Establish the need for acquiring information relating to health and education expenditure for the effective utilisation of human resources.

Compare and contrast the development of India, China and Pakistan with respect to some salient human development indicators.

Trace the relationship between human capital and economic growth.

Find the odd man out (i) rickshaw puller who works under a rick-shaw owner (ii) mason (iii) mechanic shop worker (iv) shoeshine boy.

Explain how import substitution can protect domestic industry.