Class 11 Economics - Indian Economic Development - Chapter Environment and Sustainable Development NCERT Solutions | What are the functions of the environmen

Highlight any two serious adverse environmental consequences of development in India. India’s environmental problems pose a dichotomy — they are poverty induced and, at the same time, due to affluence in living standards — is this true?

Explain the supply-demand reversal of environmental resources.

What happens when the rate of resource extraction exceeds that of their regeneration?

India has abundant natural resources —substantiate the statement.

Give two instances of

(a) Overuse of environmental resources
(b) Misuse of environmental resources.

Is environmental crisis a recent phenomenon? If so, why?

Identify six factors contributing to land degradation in India.

Explain how the opportunity costs of negative environmental impact are high.

How do the following factors contribute to the environmental crisis in India? What problem do they pose for the government?

(i) Rising population
(ii) Air pollution
(iii) Water contamination
(iv) Affluent consumption standards
(v) Illiteracy
(vi) Industrialisation
(vii) Urbanisation
(viii) Reduction of forest coverage
(ix) Poaching
(x) Global warming

Explain the relevance of intergenerational equity in the definition of sustainable development.

What was the focus of the economic policies pursued by the colonial government in India? What were the impacts of these policies?

What are the two major sources of human capital in a country?

What do you mean by rural development? Bring out the key issues in rural development.

Define a plan?

Who is a worker?

Explain the term ‘infrastructure’.

Why are regional and economic groupings formed?

Why were reforms introduced in India?

Why calorie-based norm is not adequate to identify the poor?

Name some notable economists who estimated India’s per capita income during the colonial period?

Suppose you are a resident of a village, suggest a few measures to tackle the problem of poverty.

Illustrate the difference between rural and urban poverty. Is it correct to say that poverty has shifted from rural to urban areas? Use the trends in poverty ratio to support your answer.

How can creation of income earning assets address the problem of poverty?

How government organisations facilitate the functioning of schools and hospitals in India?

Discuss the need for promoting women’s education in India.

The three dimensional attack on poverty adopted by the govern-ment has not succeded in poverty alleviation in India. Comment.

Compare and contrast India and China’s sectoral contribution towards GDP in 2003. What does it indicate?

Argue in favour of the need for different forms of government intervention in education and health sectors.

China’s rapid industrial growth can be traced back to its reforms in 1978. Do you agree? Elucidate.

What is meant by ‘Food for Work’ programme?