Why did knights become a distinct group and when did they decline?
There were frequent localized wars in Europe during 9th century. Soldiers were not enough. Good cavalry was the need of hour. It led to the growing importance of a new section of people, i.e. the knights. They were linked to the lords. The lord gave the knight a piece of land that was called fief. Land of the fief was cultivated by peasants. In lieu of that, the knight paid his lord a regular fee and also promised to fight for him in war. In this way, they became a distinct group. The fall of feudalism was one of the main reasons of the decline of knights during 15th century.
Why would the early temple have been much like a house?
What do ancient stories tell us about the civilisation of Mesopotamia?
Compare the Venetian idea of good government with those in contemporary France.
Compare the conditions of life for a French serf and a Roman slave.
Why do we say that it was not natural fertility and high levels of food production that were the causes of early urbanisation?
What was the function of medieval monasteries?
Why did Genghis Khan feel the need to fragment the Mongol tribes into new social and military groupings?
How did long-term changes in population levels affect economy and society in Europe
Why was trade so significant to the Mongols?
Compare details of Italian architecture of this period with Islamic architecture.
What do ancient stories tell us about the civilisation of Mesopotamia?
‘If history relies upon written records produced by city-based literati, nomadic societies will always receive a hostile representation.’ Would you agree with this statement? Does it explain the reason why Persian chronicles produced such inflated figures of casualties resulting from Mongol campaigns?
Other than the use of English, what other features of English economic and social life do you notice in 19th century USA?
What were the relative advantages of canal and railway transportation?
How did long-term changes in population levels affect economy and society in Europe
Which of the following were necessary conditions and which the causes, of early urbanisation, and which would you say were the outcome of the growth of cities:
(a) highly productive agriculture,
(b) water transport,
(c) the lack of metal and stone,
(d) the division of labour,
(e) the use of seals,
(f) the military power of kings that made labour compulsory?
Discuss the extent to which (a) hunting and (b) constructing shelters would have been facilitated by the use of language. What other modes of communication could have been used for these activities?
Why do we say that it was not natural fertility and high levels of food production that were the causes of early urbanisation?
Discuss the arguments advanced in favour of the regional continuity model of human origins. Do you think it provides a convincing explanation of the archaeological evidence? Give reasons for your answer.
What were the interesting features of the inventions of this period?