Not everyone welcomed the printed books abd those, who did, also had fear about them. Many were of the opinion that printed words and the wider circulation of books, would have a negative impact on people minds. They feared that if there was no control over what was printed and read, then rebellious and irreligious thoughts might gain importance. There was also fear in the minds of scholars that the authority of valuable literature would be destroyed. The new print was criticised by religious authorities, monarch, as well as by writers and artists. Let us consider the implication of this in one sphere of life in the early modern Europe, i.e., religion. Martin luther was a german monk, priest professor and a church reformer. In 1517, he wrote ninety five these and openly criticised many of the practices and rituals of the roman catholic church. A printed copy of this was pasted on a church door in wittenberg. It challenged the church to debate his ideas. Luther’s writings were immediately copied in vast numbers and read widely. This led to a division within the church, and led to the beginning of the protestant reformation. Manx; conservative FUndus belived that a literate girl would be windowed and muslims believed that educated women could get corrupted by reading Urdu romances. There were many instances of women defying this prohibition.
Explain how the global transfer of disease in the pre-modern world helped in the colonisation of the Americas.
List all the different social groups which joined the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1921. Then choose any three and write about their hopes and struggles to show why they, joined the movement.
Compare the images of Bharat Mata in this chapter with the image of Germania in Chapter 1.
a) The British government’s decision to abolish the Corn Laws.
b) The coming of rinderpest to Africa.
c) The death of men of working-age in Europe because of the World War.
d) The Great Depression on the Indian economy.
e) The decision of MNCs to relocate production to Asian countries.
Briefly trace the process of German unification.
Explain what is meant by the 1848 revolution of the liberals. What were the political, social and economic ideas supported by the liberals?
How was the history of nationalism in Britain unlike the rest of Europe?
Write a newspaper report on:
a) The Jallianwala Bagh massacre
b) The Simon Commission
What steps did the French revolutionaries take to create a sense of collective identity among the French people?
Who were Marianne and Germania? What was the importance of the way in which they were portrayed?
Imagine you are a woman participating in the Civil Disobedience Movement. Explain what the experience meant to your life.
a) Why growth of nationalism in the colonies is linked to an anti-colonial movement.
b) How the First World War helped in the growth of the National Movement in India.
c) Why Indians were outraged by the Rowlatt Act.
d) Why Gandhiji decided to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement.
Explain what is referred to as the G-77 countries. In what ways can G-77 be seen as a reaction to the activities of the Bretton Woods twins?
Write a newspaper report on:
a) The Jallianwala Bagh massacre
b) The Simon Commission
Explain the causes of the Great Depression.
Give two examples from history to show the impact of technology on food availability.
List all the different social groups which joined the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1921. Then choose any three and write about their hopes and struggles to show why they, joined the movement.
Give reasons for the following:
a) Woodblock print only came to Europe after 1295.
b) Martin Luther was in favour of print and spoke out in praise of it.
c) The Roman Catholic Church began keeping an Index of Prohibited books from the mid-sixteenth century.
d) Gandhi said the fight for Swaraj is a fight for liberty of speech, liberty of the press, and freedom of association.
Write True or False against each statement:
a) At the end of the nine- teenth century, 80 per cent of the total workforce in Europe was employed in the technologically advanced industrial sector.
b) The international market for fine textiles was dominated by India till the eighteenth century.
c) The American Civil War resulted in the reduction of cotton exports from India.
d) The introduction of the fly shuttle enabled handloom workers to improve their productivity.
Explain how print culture assisted the growth of nationalism in India.