Why and how was the private sector regulated under the IPR 1956?
IPR 1956 was adopted in order to accomplish the aim of state controlling the commanding heights of the economy. This policy was aligned with the Indian economy's inclination towards socialist pattern of the Soviet Union. According to this resolution, industries were classified into following three categories:
Category 1: Those industries that are established and owned exclusively by the public sector.
Category 2: Those industries in which the public sector will perform the primary role while the private sector will play the secondary role. That is, the private sector supplements the public sector in these industries.
Category 3: Those industries that are not included in Category 1 and Category 2 are left to the private sector. These industries that were left to the private sector, the government owns an indirect control by the way of license. In order to initiate a new industry, private entrepreneurs should obtain a license (or permit) from the government. By a licensing system, tax holidays and subsidies allow the government to promote industries in a backward region that will ,in turn, promote the welfare and development of that region. This was supposed to reduce regional disparities. Further, in order to expand the scale of production, the private sector needs to obtain a license from the government. This was supposed to keep a check on the production of goods that are socially undesirable and unwanted. Hence, the state fully controlled the private sector either directly or indirectly.
Compare and contrast the development of India, China and Pakistan with respect to some salient human development indicators.
How is RBI controlling the commercial banks?
Explain the steps taken by the government in developing rural markets.
What are the functions of the environment?
Distinguish between the following
(i) Strategic and Minority sale
(ii) Bilateral and Multi-lateral trade
(iii) Tariff and Non-tariff barriers.
Why was the public sector given a leading role in industrial development during the planning period?
Infrastructure contributes to the economic development of a country. Do you agree? Explain.
Match the following:
1. Prime Minister 3. Quota 4. Land Reforms 5. HYV Seeds 6. Subsidy |
A. Seeds that give large proportion of output C. Chairperson of the planning commission D. The money value of all the final goods and services produced within the economy in one year. E. Improvements in the field of agriculture to increase its productivity F. The monetary assistance given by government for production activities. |
Find the odd man out (i) owner of a saloon (ii) a cobbler (iii) a cashier in Mother Dairy (iv) a tuition master (v) transport operator (vi) construction worker.
Highlight any two serious adverse environmental consequences of development in India. India’s environmental problems pose a dichotomy — they are poverty induced and, at the same time, due to affluence in living standards — is this true?
What are the main problems of human capital formation in India?
Give reasons for the slow growth and re-emergence of poverty in Pakistan.
Explain the two categories into which infrastructure is divided. How are both interdependent?
What is sustainable development?
Find the odd man out (i) owner of a saloon (ii) a cobbler (iii) a cashier in Mother Dairy (iv) a tuition master (v) transport operator (vi) construction worker.
What is marketable surplus?
What is meant by ‘Food for Work’ programme?
Mention the various indicators of human development.
Do you think outsourcing is good for India? Why are developed countries opposing it?
What is the Green Revolution? Why was it implemented and how did Does it benefit the farmers? Explain in brief.