Class 11 Economics - Indian Economic Development - Chapter Indian Economy on the Eve of Independence NCERT Solutions | When was India’s first official ce

 Indicate the volume and direction of trade at the time of independence.

Critically appraise some of the shortfalls of the industrial policy pursued by the British colonial administration.

What do you understand by the drain of Indian wealth during the colonial period?

Name some notable economists who estimated India’s per capita income during the colonial period?

Name some modern industries which were in operation in our country at the time of independence?

What were the main causes of India’s agricultural stagnation during the colonial period?

Highlight the salient features of India’s pre-independence occupational structure.

The traditional handicrafts industries were ruined under the British rule. Do you agree with this view? Give reasons in support of your answer.

What was the focus of the economic policies pursued by the colonial government in India? What were the impacts of these policies?

 Give a quantitative appraisal of India’s demographic profile during the colonial period.

What are the two major sources of human capital in a country?

What do you mean by rural development? Bring out the key issues in rural development.

Define a plan?

Who is a worker?

Explain the term ‘infrastructure’.

What is meant by environment?

Why are regional and economic groupings formed?

Why were reforms introduced in India?

Why calorie-based norm is not adequate to identify the poor?

What are the indicators of educational achievement in a country?

Identify six factors contributing to land degradation in India.

What is meant by ‘Food for Work’ programme?

What do you understand by devaluation of rupee?

India has abundant natural resources —substantiate the statement.

How do the following factors contribute to the environmental crisis in India? What problem do they pose for the government?

(i) Rising population
(ii) Air pollution
(iii) Water contamination
(iv) Affluent consumption standards
(v) Illiteracy
(vi) Industrialisation
(vii) Urbanisation
(viii) Reduction of forest coverage
(ix) Poaching
(x) Global warming

Explain the supply-demand reversal of environmental resources.

Explain how the opportunity costs of negative environmental impact are high.

Give two instances of

(a) Overuse of environmental resources
(b) Misuse of environmental resources.

What is the state of rural infrastructure in India?

‘Information technology plays a very significant role in achieving sustainable development and food security’ - comment.