What is ozone and how does it affect any ecosystem?
Ozone is a clear, blue gas layer which is also known as the layer of protection of the environment. Ozone is the form of oxygen and the molecules of ozone contains three oxygen atoms (O3) It is present in the stratosphere which protects the earth from the ultraviolet (UV) radiations that came from the sun. Stratosphere is present at the altitude of 15-50 km above the earth’s surface and at the lower altitude it has thick sheet of ozone known as ozonosphere. The amount of atmospheric ozone is measured by the Dobson Spectrometer. Reaction:- O2 + O → O3 (Ozone)
Ozone affects the environment in following ways:-
Ozone is very poisonous at the ground level but at the higher altitude it is a layer of protection present in the stratosphere which protects the earth’s surface from the ultraviolet radiations, specially UV- B rays (290- 320 nm). Increase in the amount of UV rays reaches the earth surface when ozone depletion occurs, it can affect the ecosystem like it can cause skin cancer, dimming of the eye sight, herpes and diminishing the functioning of immune system in human beings.
It can cause death (mortality) of the young ones of the human beings and the animals.
It can cause mutation and blindness of the land animals.
All food chains can get disturbed.
The main cause of the ozone depletion is chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs).
When a 12 V battery is connected across an unknown resistor, there is a current of 2.5 mA in the circuit. Find the value of the resistance of the resistor.
Outline a project which aims to find the dominant coat colour in dogs.
Draw the structure for the following compounds.
(i) Ethanoic acid (ii) Bromopentane*
(iii) Butanone (iv) Hexanal.
*Are structural isomers possible for bromopentane?
A hot plate of an electric oven connected to a 220 V line has two resistance coils A and B, each of 24 Ω resistance, which may be used separately, in series, or in parallel. What are the currents in the three cases?
How is the sex of the child determined in human beings?
(a) What property do all elements in the same column of the Periodic Table as boron have in common?
(b) What property do all elements in the same column of the Periodic Table as fluorine have in common?
Calculate the number of electrons constituting one coulomb of charge.
What is an homologous series? Explain with an example.
Why is variation beneficial to the species but not necessarily for the individual?
A man with blood group A marries a woman with blood group O and their daughter has blood group O. Is this information enough to tell you which of the traits – blood group A or O – is dominant? Why or why not?
Most of the sources of energy we use represent stored solar energy. Which of the following is not ultimately derived from the Sun’s energy?
(a) geothermal energy (b) wind energy
(c) nuclear energy (d) bio-mass.
Why are carbon and its compounds used as fuels for most applications?
While cooking, if the bottom of the vessel is getting blackened on the outside, it means that
(a) the food is not cooked completely.
(b) the fuel is not burning completely.
(c) the fuel is wet.
(d) the fuel is burning completely.
Compare the power used in the 2 Ω resistor in each of the following circuits:
(i) a 6 V battery in series with 1 Ω and 2 Ω resistors, and (ii) a 4 V battery in parallel with 12 Ω and 2 Ω resistors.
A convex lens forms a real and inverted image of a needle at a distance of 50 cm from it. Where is the needle placed in front of the convex lens if the image is equal to the size of the object? Also, find the power of the lens.
What are the advantages of nuclear energy?
If all the waste we generate is biodegradable, will this have no impact on the environment?
Use the data in Table 12.2 to answer the following –
(a) Which among iron and mercury is a better conductor?
(b) Which material is the best conductor?
Oil and fat containing food items are flushed with nitrogen. Why?
Would you be able to check if water is hard by using a detergent?