Saral Study

Narendra Damodardas Modi is an Indian politician. Since 2014, And Modi is the current Prime Minister of India. From 2001 to 2014, Narendra Modi was the Chief Minister of Gujarat and is the Member of Parliament for Varanasi. Modi is a member of the BJP (Bharatiya Janata Party) and the RSS (Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh), a Hindu nationalist volunteer organization. He is the first prime minister chosen outside of the Indian National Congress to win two following terms with a full majority. And the second to finish more than five years in office after Atal Bihari Vajpayee.

Narendra Damodardas Modi was raised to a Gujarati family in Vadnagar. Modi assisted his father sell tea as a child and has said he later ran his own stall. He was joined the RSS at the age of eight, beginning a long connection with the organization. Narendra Modi left home after completing high-school in part because of child marriage to Jashodaben Chimanlal Modi. Modi traveled around India for two years and visited many religious centers before returning to Gujarat. In the year 1971, Modi became a full-time worker for the RSS. The RSS elected him to the BJP in 1985. Modi took several positions in the party till 2001, extending to the rank of general secretary.

Narendra Modi was elected as Chief Minister of Gujarat in 2001. Modi was elected to the legislative assembly soon. His administration has been estimated complicit in the 2002 Gujarat protests, or otherwise examined for its handling of it. A Supreme Court-appointed Special Investigation Team got no evidence to begin prosecution proceedings against Modi personally. His policies as chief minister, credited with promoting economic growth, have got praise. His administration has been reprimanded for failing to significantly improve health, poverty, and education indices in the state.

Modi led the BJP in the 2014 general election that delivered the party a majority in the Indian lower house of parliament, the Lok Sabha, the first time for any single party since 1984. Modi’s administration has decided to raise foreign direct investment in the Indian economy and diminished spending on healthcare and social welfare programs. Modi has tried to improve performance in the administration. He has centralized power by eliminating the Planning Commission. He commenced a high-profile sanitation campaign, launched a controversial demonetization of high-denomination banknotes, and weakened or abolished environmental and labor laws.

Following his party’s victory in the 2019 general election, his administration denied the special status of Jammu and Kashmir. Modi’s administration also began the Citizenship Amendment Act, which resulted in public protests across the country.

Narendra Modi – Personal Details

Narendra Modi – Timeline

Narendra Modi – Life and Political Career Early

Narendra Modi was raised in a small town in northern Gujarat. And Modi finished an M.A. in political science from Gujarat University in Ahmedabad. Modi linked with the pro-Hindu Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) organization in the early 1970s. There he established a unit of the RSS’s students’ wing, the Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad, in his area. Modi grew firmly in the RSS hierarchy. And his association with the organization significantly served his subsequent political career.

Narendra Modi associated with the BJP in 1987, and a year later he was assigned as the general secretary of the Gujarat branch of the party. He was instrumental in very strengthening the party’s presence in the state in succeeding years. In 1990, Modi was one of the BJP members who joined an alliance government in the state. And Modi served the BJP to gain success in 1995, state legislative assembly elections that in March gave the party to form the first-ever BJP-controlled government in India. Though at the end of September 1996, the BJP’s control of the state govt. was relatively short-lived.

Political Rise and Term as Chief Minister of Gujarat

In 1995, Narendra Modi has appointed as the secretary of the BJP’s national organization in New Delhi. And after three years he was appointed its general secretary. Modi continued in that office for another three years. However, in October 2001, Narendra Modi replaced the necessary Gujarat chief minister, fellow BJP member Keshubhai Patel. And later Patel had been held responsible for the state government’s poor response as a result of the massive Bhuj Earthquake in Gujarat earlier that year that killed more than 20,000 people. Modi began his first-ever electoral contest in a February 2002 by-election that won him a seat in the Gujarat state assembly.

Narendra Modi got political success again in Gujarat. Which made him a vital leader within the BJP and led to his reintegration into the political mainstream. Beneath his leadership, the BJP achieved a significant victory in the December 2002 legislative assembly elections, winning 127 of the 182 seats in the chamber (including a seat for Modi). Throwing a declaration for growth and development in Gujarat, the BJP was again victorious in the 2007 state assembly elections, with a seat total of 117, and the party controlled again in the 2012 polls, garnering 115 seats. He won his contests again and returned as chief minister.

Throughout his time as head of the Gujarat government, Modi built an impressive reputation as an effective administrator, and he was given credit for the rapid growth of the state’s economy.

Also, his party’s elective accomplishments helped Modi’s position as not only the most-influential leader within the party but also a potential competitor for the prime minister of India. In June 2013, Narendra Modi was chosen as the leader of the BJP for the 2014 elections to the Lok Sabha.

Premiership

Modi was declared as Prime Minister on May 26, 2014. Shortly, he took office, his government began several reforms, including campaigns to improve India’s transportation infrastructure and to liberalize rules on direct foreign investment in the country. Modi secured two significant diplomatic achievements early in his term. In mid-September, a visit of Xi Jinping President of China, the first time a Chinese leader had been to India in 8 years, hosted by Modi. At the end of that month, having been given a U.S. visa. Modi did a visit to New York City, which included a meeting with U.S. Pres. Barack Obama.

As prime minister, Modi managed the promotion of Hindu culture and the implementation of economic changes. The government offered proposals that would broadly appeal to Hindus, such as its attempt to ban the sale of cows for slaughter. The economic changes were sweeping, proposing structural changes—and temporary disruptions—that could be felt nationwide. With the most far-reaching was the demonetization and replacement of 500 and 1,000 rupee banknotes with only a few hours’ notifications. The idea was to stop “black money” cash used for illegal activities by making it difficult to exchange large sums of cash. The following year the govt. Centralized the consumption tax system by launching the Goods and Services Tax (GST), which superseded a confusing system of local consumption taxes and eliminated the problem of cascading tax. GDP growth decreased from these changes, though growth had already been high (8.2 percent in 2015), and the reforms succeeded in expanding the government’s tax base.

The BJP lost in all five states, including the BJP strongholds of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Chattisgarh. The competitive Indian National Congress (Congress Party) won more state assembly seats than the BJP in all five elections. Many observers believed that this predicted bad news for Modi and the BJP in the national elections set for the spring of 2019, but others believed that Modi’s charisma would excite the voters. Furthermore, a security crisis in Jammu and Kashmir in February 2019, which increased tensions with Pakistan to the highest point in decades, boosted Modi’s image just months before the election. With the BJP ruling the airwaves throughout the campaign – in contradiction to the lackluster campaign of Congress – The BJP was returned to power, and Modi became India’s first prime minister outside of the Congress Party to be again after a full term.

Breaking Some Myths

Traditionally labeled as a party of Hindu upper-caste the BJP now has recognition among the young voters of different castes. From the last election, a 14 percent rise has been seen among the lower OBCs in support of BJP by the youth for Modi. Although, a skew is still apparent as young voters amongst upper OBCs and Dalits have not backed the party in such large numbers. Thus, the BJP could not find approval between young voters from non-Hindu communities. So its address among the youth remains limited to Hindu youth in particular. Another myth that burst in this election was that the BJP is an urban party. As in this election, the vote share of BJP was higher among the young voters of town and rural areas.

For first-time voters, Prime Minister Narendra Modi was a pull factor. As for these voters, the Prime Ministerial candidate was an important factor more than the party or local candidates. While voting one-third of young BJP voters saw the prime ministerial candidate as the most important factor. This was approximately double the national norm. This can also be insisted by the fact that the same proportion (33%) of young BJP voters affirmed that they would have voted for some other party had Mr. Modi not been the prime ministerial candidate. Mr. Modi’s popularity among the youth in the States like Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and Karnataka, was higher than the state average. Interestingly, in two southern states Telangana and Andhra Pradesh which have strong State-based parties, The Balakot airstrikes also gave a push to the BJP’s campaign. This can be learned by the fact that young voters who viewed joblessness as an issue voted for the BJP after hearing about the airstrikes. It can also be seen in the last 2019 election that the youth was clearly with Mr. Modi.

The Ideal Model

Not so long ago, the words that were used to describe Modi were strict, megalomaniac, and collective. But now the scenario has changed.

Preferably, because of Modi’s image as self-made, strong, efficient, inspiring, and incorruptible. According to Ramdhar Singh who is a Social Scientist at IIM-Bangalore says that “Modi created an impression of being a sincere, credible and committed leader. He assured people that he could improve their lot”. This is the leitmotif the marketing magazine of the BJP worked to expand.

The veteran adman Kakkar adds further that “No media can help create that kind of consistency”.

Automatically, as if by source, the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance started to look more and more doubtful and corrupt. “Today, India blames weakness and failure to Congress,” says Adam and lobbyist Suhel Seth. “Modi stands for good governance.”

All stories about the life of Modi have consistently fed into the new image in the public domain. Although questions linger about Modi’s capability to function at the national level and his Gujarat model of governance, his branding and marketing policy appears to have worked on voters across the country. Modi’s message has drawn even those aloof towards politics.

Work Front

• Born in one of India’s most disadvantaged social groups. Mr. Modi represents an aspirational working-class and identifies himself with the country’s poorest citizens in a way that no one can who has led India for most of 72 years since independence.
• By socially progressive policies, he has led many Indians, both Hindus, and religious minorities, out of poverty at a faster rate than in any earlier generation.
• Modi vowed to change the country’s sanitation in his campaigns and he has more than fulfilled; from fewer than 40% of households holding access to a toilet, now almost 95% have access to it. Now, most Indian villages have access to electricity when less than 40% did when he took office.
• India has now become the fifth-largest and fastest-growing economy in the world from the decisions taken by Modi. As by sustaining the changeable economy that he inherited from the Congress government in 2014.
• His embrace of technology has driven transformative programs in universal healthcare, affordable housing, financial embodiment, and climate alleviation. Intuitively he has understood how much-admired tech skills of Indians can be used to transform our society which no other predecessor has thought of.
• In November 2016 his drastic decision to wipe out high-value notes overnight (termed as Demonetization) has led to a long-term gain. Due to which the tax base in India has almost doubled but with a lower tax burden on individual citizens.
• Because of exceeding tax revenue more funding for welfare programs has brought sanitation and electricity to so many. Meanwhile, an unusual 200 million-plus new bank accounts opened due to the move away from cash. Bringing India’s so-called “unbankable” nearer to full assimilation within India’s formal economy.
• Eliminating corrupt representatives and allowing direct deposits of state benefits, social security, and pension payments into the hands of the poor. Through digitization has empowered the poors. He has also ensured the bringing the whole of India into one tax union, through the implementation of the Goods and Services Tax, and thereby making India, a truly single market.
• His reformations have helped in bringing inflation under control, from a record high of more than 12% at the tail end of the previous government, to below 3% in April 2019; and has reduced the deficit down to 3.42%, when a decade ago it was wavering 6.46%.

10 Amazing Facts about Narendra Modi

1. During the 1965 Indo-Pak War Narendra Modi as a teenager assisted and helped soldiers. By rushing with hot glasses of masala tea and thanking them when the train would arrive at the station.
2. In his teenage years, he became a solo traveler. By visiting several places on his own and including meeting ancient sadhus on the Himalayas.
3. Modi has accumulated millions of people around the world that look up to him.
4. The Prime Minister of Japan Shinzo Abe tweeted for the first time in English. Congratulating Modi and asking for better friendship than discretion.
5. Modi used to write poetry and enjoyed photography in his early 20’s. To showcase his photography skills he also held an exhibition.
6. During his school days, he also participated in several plays.
7. He was very brave in his school days as once he brought home a baby crocodile.
8. Narendra Modi is amongst the four people who are followed by the Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe on Twitter.
9. In the United States Narendra Modi also undertook a three months course. Where he studied image management and public relations.
10. He didn’t take any leave throughout his service as a Chief Minister of Gujarat. A similar Philosophy he propagates to all his subordinates till date.

Conclusion

No Prime minister has united the Indian Electorate as much to close of five decades like Modi. He may have been criticised for enduring silence during incidents of social unrest. But his work has been given the thumbs up at the ballot box by the Indian voters for directly speaking to the root causes of some of India’s divisions. For them, the Modi dream of a New India remains very much sound. Economically, he must carry on his commitment to building the world’s largest start-up eco-system, thereby further unleashing India’s fabled entrepreneurial gene.

All the actions of Narendra Modi’s government are still works-in-progress. But with efforts appreciated by practically every single global institute of any standing, including the World Bank, the IMF, and the U.N., Modi’s India is finally progressing at a rate worthy of its size and potential.

Lal Bahadur Shastri was the Indian freedom fighter who later on went on to become the second Prime Minister of Independent India after Jawaharlal Nehru and is recognized as a man of integrity and competence. Lal Bahadur Shastri devoted more than 30 years to the country. Shastri was a man of great inner strength, gentle and tolerant. He knew people’s language and was a man of vision towards the country’s development.

The early life of Lal Bahadur Shastri

• On 2nd October 1904, Shastri was born at Mughalsarai in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. 
• Sharada Prasad Srivastava and Ramdulari Devi, paternal ancestors of Shastri’s had been in service of the zamindar of Ramnagar, Varanasi, and Shastri spent the first year of his life living there.
• When he was a year and a half, his father died of bubonic plague.
• To attend school, Shastri used to swim through the Ganges twice a day and tied books on the top of his head because he didn’t have sufficient money to travel by boat.
• In 1926, Shastri did his schooling at the East Central Railway Inter College in Mughalsarai and Varanasi. And then completed his graduation from the Kashi Vidyapeeth.
• The title “Shastri” meaning “Scholar” was given by Vidyapeeth as a part of his bachelor’s degree award. Though this title became his name.
• Shastri’s family had no links to the independence movement which was emerging then.
• Nisha Kameshwar Prasad Mishra, one of his high school teachers gave Shastri financial support by allowing him to tutor his children. Inspired by Mishra’s loyalty, Shastri took a deep interest in the freedom struggle and started to study its history and the works of several of its famous personalities, like Swami Vivekananda, Gandhi, and Annie Besant.
• In January 1921, When Lal Bahadur Shastri was in the 10th standard. Shastri attended a public meeting in Benares hosted by Gandhi and Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya three months before his final examinations.
• Shastri was inspired by the Mahatma’s request for students to withdraw from government schools and join the non-cooperation movement. Shastri left Harish Chandra High School and joined the local branch of the Congress Party as a volunteer. And then joined in picketing and anti-government protests.
• Shastri was soon arrested and jailed but was then let off since he was a minor.
• During the 1920s, he joined the Indian Independence Movement and was involved in the non-cooperation movement. Shastri was sent to jail for some time by the Britishers.
• Shastri joined the Salt Satyagraha in the year 1930, for which he was jailed for more than two years.
• He joined as the Organising Secretary of the Parliamentary Board of UP, in 1937. Shastri was again sent to prison in 1942 after Mahatma Gandhi issued the Quit India speech in Mumbai.
• He was jailed until 1946.
• Shastri had spent nine years in jail. He utilized his stay in jail by reading books and familiarized himself with the works of western philosophers, revolutionaries, and social reformers.
• On 16th May 1928, Shastri got married to Lalita Devi. The Servants of the People Society (Lok Sevak Mandal), which was established by Lala Lajpat Rai, Shastri became a life member of this society. There Shastri began to serve for the upliftment of backward classes, and then he became the President of that Society.

Political Career of Lal Bahadur Shastri

• Lal Bahadur Shastri became the Parliamentary Secretary in Uttar Pradesh (U.P.).
• Shastri also became the Minister of Police and Transport in 1947. As a Transport Minister, he had designated women, conductors, for the first time. Being the minister in charge of the Police Department, he passed the order that police should use jets of water and not lathis to scatter the agitated crowds.
• In 1952, Shastri was elected to Rajya Sabha from U.P. being the Railway Minister. And he introduced the first machine at Integral Coach Factory in Chennai, in 1955.
• In 1957, Lal Bahadur Shastri became the Minister for Transport and Communications again. And then he became the Minister of Commerce and Industry.
• In 1961, Shastri was elected as Home Minister. And then he named the Committee on Prevention of Corruption. Shastri composed the famous “Shastri Formula” which consisted of the language confusions in Assam and Punjab.
• On June 9th, 1964, Shastri became the Prime Minister of India. He supported the White Revolution, a national campaign to expand milk production. He also served the Green Revolution to increase food production in India.
• Though Shastri remained Nehru’s policy of non-alignment, he also made a relationship with the Soviet Union. In 1964, he signed an agreement with the Sri Lankan Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike, infirm with the status of Indian Tamils in Ceylon. This agreement is recognized as the Srimavo-Shastri Pact.
• In 1965, Shastri officially visited Rangoon, Burma. And established a good relationship with their Military government of General Ne Win again.
• Throughout his time, India faced another aggression from Pakistan in 1965. Shastri gave permission to the Security Forces to retaliate and said “Force will be met with Force” and earned attention. Indo-Pak war ended on September 23rd, 1965.
• On January 10th, 1966, the Russian Prime Minister, Kosygin, offered to negotiate Lal Bahadur Shastri and his Pakistan counterpart Ayub Khan approved the Tashkent Declaration.
• Independence Activism of Lal Bahadur Shastri
• In 1928, Shastri became an active and experienced member of the Indian National Congress at the call of Mahatma Gandhi. Lal Bahadur Shastri was imprisoned for two and a half years. Later, he served as the Organizing Secretary of the Parliamentary Board of U.P. in 1937. In 1940, Shastri was sent to jail for one year, forgiving individual Satyagraha’s aid to the independence movement.
• On 8th August 1942, Mahatma Gandhi declared the Quit India speech at Gowalia Tank in Bombay, commanding that the British leave India. Shastri, who had just then come out after a year in jail, traveled to Allahabad. For a week, Shastri sent guidance to the independence activists from Jawaharlal Nehru’s home, Anand Bhavan. He worked as an elected representative for United Provinces in 1937 and 1946.

Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri – Major achievements

1. Appeasement of Non-Hindi speaking States

Under the leadership of Gandhi During the freedom struggle, there was a mass mobilization for the replacement of the English language to Hindi and regional languages. The purpose behind this was to fill the gap between the elite class and the common folk, in an attempt to associate them with productive works in nation-building.

However, in a bid to encourage provincial languages the Nehru report supported the making of ‘Hindustani‘ as the official language of India. As English was used by all leaders in all official correspondences so it couldn’t be gotten rid of. Moreover, in terms of how the decision of national language would affect North-South states’ relations little attention was paid to the details of the vernacular language concept.

Though in different parts of the country voices and protests against Hindi were observed, it was Madras that ardently voiced its displeasure to the thought. On January 17th, 1965 an Anti-Hindi Conference was held which was attended by D.M.K. leaders and C. Rajagopalachari.

The Language Policy of the Union Government was criticized deeply during the Anti-Hindi Conference and expressed a firm resolution of the individual to resist the demand for Hindi. An extensive Anti-Hindi agitation was organized by Students in Madras and Madurai, where the agitations took a drastic flip and went on for two months.

With their proficiency in English Students in Madras were able to compete better in the All Indian Administrative Service and worried about losing their lead in the service as a result of the imposition.

Lal Bahadur Shastri, was at first hesitant to translate Nehru’s assurances to Non-Hindi states that ‘no switch over to Hindi would take place until they were ready for it’, following the agitations in Madras; gave assurances to these states that English would continue as the official language. Following this, the agitations died down.

2. White Revolution

With dependencies on agricultural produce and cattle milk production for their livelihoods, India’s vital section of the population is largely agrarian. According to Dr. Verghese Kurian, the milk industry is the only industry that allows a marginalized family to earn a small amount of cash every day.

In 1965 Dr. Kurien set up the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) and the Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF) or the Amul Dairy Co-operation under the leadership of Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri.

‘Operation Flood’ a project by NDDB became the world’s largest dairy development program due to The White Revolution only. In 1998 India from being a milk deficient nation surpassed the USA by becoming the world’s largest producer of milk. In 30 years, the production of milk per person multiplied by making dairy farming India’s largest self-sustainable rural employment generator.

3. Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan – Green Revolution

Following the exit of colonial rulers, one of the biggest problems for India was a food shortage. Lal Bahadur Shastri’s tenure as PM was characterized by severe food shortages, with imports of food touching 10 million tonnes which eased to avoid scarcity. He requested a one-day fast every week to lessen the demand for food.

India was attacked by Pakistan when Shastri ascended the role of Prime Minister. As mentioned earlier this period saw a scarcity in food grain production in the country. He elevated the slogan ‘Jai Kisan, Jai Jawan’ (Hail the Soldier, Hail the Farmer) to boost the morale of the Indian Army and to boost the farmers to do their best to increase the production of grains for reducing imports.

Subramaniam was the elected Minister of Food and Agriculture at the time of Lal Bahadur Shastri Prime Ministership. They worked together to increase food production through increased government support. Taking the advice of the Foodgrains Prices Committee offers incentive prices for grains that are higher than acquirement and market costs. Subramaniam also supported expanding government reserves of grains by purchasing them in the open market on incentive prices.

In 1965 Subramaniam published the ‘Agricultural Production in the Fourth Five-Year Plan: Strategy and Plan’ which signified the government’s commitment towards the ensuing Green Revolution.

4. Sirima-Shastri Pact

On October 30th, 1964 the Sirima-Shastri Pact was signed between India and Ceylon (Sri Lanka) which concentrated on the citizenship of Indian workers in Ceylon. The pact was drafted after six days of negotiations.

The purposes of this pact were to identify all people of Indian-origin in Ceylon who weren’t citizens of either India or Ceylon; should become citizens of either India or Ceylon. The Indian government would accept the repatriations of persons within 15 days. Ceylon agreed to allow those people who were employed during the signing of this pact, to continue with their jobs until the date of their repatriation.

5. Repatriation of Indians from Burma

Burma (Myanmar) had a democratic Parliamentary government between 1948 and 1962. It was, however, bothered with extensive conflict and internal struggle. Following constitutional disputes, the federal and ethnic tensions weakened the Burmese government. To restore political order the Prime Minister of Burma, U Nu was compelled to accept the military rule under the interim rule of General Ne Win by 1958. After 18 months the military finally stepped down but there was a gaping crack in U Nu’s government which left it vulnerable for rivals to exploit its flaws.

On March 2nd, 1962, a military coup d’état was staged by General Ne Win, thereby opposing the constitutional and democratic government, and installing military rule.

Under military rule, many Indians who had been accustomed to the Burmese culture for centuries becomes targets for persecution and prejudice by the people and the government. General Ne Win ordered the large-scale purge of Indians from Burma.

The Central government observed all the processes of repatriation and arranged for the identification and transport of Indians from Burma. Local governments were asked to provide enough facilities to repatriates upon arriving on Indian soil.

Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri made an official visit to Rangoon, Burma in December 1965 along with his family, and re-established warm relations with the military government of General Ne Win in Burma.

6. Indo-Pakistan War and Tashkent Agreement

One of Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri’s greatest moments as the leader of the nation was the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965. The war was started when Pakistan laid claim to half of the Kutch Peninsular in a battle against the Indian Army.

Shastri said that, while India had no plans of causing trouble with its bordering neighbors, and that the country’s focus of using its limited resources was for economic progress; under the likelihood of an intrusion, the government would be quite clear in its objective of protecting the

nation, and its duty during this regard would be wilfully and uncompromisingly executed.

The war with Pakistan continued for 5 months, between April and September of 1965, and resulted in losses of about 3000 to 4000 people on both sides.

On September 23rd, 1965, the United Nations-mandated a ceasefire resulting in the war ending between India and Pakistan. In 1965 after the announcement of the ceasefire with Pakistan Prime Minister Shastri and the then President of Pakistan, Ayub Khan, entered an agreement in Tashkent (formerly of USSR, now part of Uzbekistan), arbitrated by Premier Alexei Kosygin.

India and Pakistan signed the Tashkent Declaration on January 10th, 1966 to give away the captured regions of each other by both parties and return to the 1949 ceasefire line in Kashmir.

Lal Bahadur Shastri – Death

Lal Bahadur Shastri died due to a heart attack on 11 January 1966. He was bestowed the Bharat Ratna India’s highest civilian award posthumously in 1966.

Lal Bahadur Shastri was referred to as a person of great integrity and competence. Shastri was humble, tolerant with great inner strength who knew the language of the common man. He was strongly influenced by the teachings of Gandhi and was also a person of vision who led countries towards growth.

Shri Shastri Memorials

• Shastri was recognized for his loyalty and humility throughout his life. Lal Bahadur Shastri was the first person to be posthumously bestowed the Bharat Ratna, and a memorial “Vijay Ghat” was built for him in Delhi.
• Numerous educational institutes, Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration (Mussoorie, Uttarakhand) is entitled after him.
• In 1995, Lal Bahadur Shastri Institute of Management was founded in Delhi by the Lal Bahadur Shastri Educational Trust’s is one of the top business schools in India.
• The Shastri Indo-Canadian Institute was titled after Shastri due to his role in promoting scholarly activity between India and Canada.
• Lal Bahadur Shastri Memorial operated by Lal Bahadur Shastri National Memorial Trust has situated next to 10 Janpath his residence as Prime Minister, at 1, Motilal Nehru Place, New Delhi.
• In 2011, Shastri’s 45th death anniversary, Uttar Pradesh Government announced the renewal of Shastri’s family house at Ramnagar in Varanasi and announced plans to convert it into a biographical museum.
• Varanasi International Airport is named after Lal Bahadur Shastri.
• Lal Bahadur Shastri Centre for Indian Culture with a Monument and a street in the city of Tashkent, Uzbekistan is titled after him.
• Some stadiums are named after him in the cities of Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh Ahmadabad in Kollam, Kerala, Gujarat, and Bhawanipatna in Odisha.
• The Almatti Dam is renamed Lal Bahadur Shastri Sagar in Northern Karnataka constructed across the River Krishna. The foundation stone was placed by him.
• MV Lal Bahadur Shastri a Cargo Ship title is given after him.
• RBI issued coins in the denomination of Rs.5 as his birth century celebrations.
• The Left Bank Canal from the Nagarjuna Sagar Dam in AP is entitled Lal Bahadur Shastri Canal which is 295 km in length.
• Life-size statues of Shastri are built at New Delhi(CGO Complex), Mumbai, Bangalore(Vidhana Soudha), Almatti Dam Site, Ramnagar-UP, Hisar, Visakhapatnam, Nagarjuna Dam site, Warangal.
• Life size bust of Shastri is erected at Trivandrum, Pune, Varanasi (Airport), Ahmedabad (lakeside), Khrushetra, Shimla, Kasargod, Indore, Jalandhar, Mhow, Uran.
• Some major roads in the cities of New Delhi, Mumbai, Pune, Puducherry, Lucknow, Warangal, and Allahabad bearing the name of the legend.
• Lal Bahadur Shastri Medical College was founded in Mandi, Himachal Pradesh.
• Shastri Bhavans was founded in New Delhi, Chennai, Lucknow
• In 2005, the Govt. of India created a chair in his honor in the field of democracy and governance at Delhi University.

Some unknown facts about Lal Bahadur Shastri

• India’s 2nd Lal Bahadur Shastri shares his birthday with Mahatma Gandhi that is on 2nd October.
• In 1926, he got the name ‘Shastri’ in Kashi Vidyapeeth University as a mark of scholarly success.
• Shastri swims the Ganga twice a day to attend school and ties books on the top of the head because he didn’t have enough money that time to take the boat.
• When Lal Bahadur Shastri was the Minister of Uttar Pradesh, he was the first person who had used jets of water to disperse the crowd instead of the lathi charge.
• He gave the slogan “Jai Jawan Jai Kisan” and played a crucial role in developing India’s future.
• He went out of jail because he took part in the Non-Cooperation movement at the time of the Freedom Struggle with Gandhi Ji but he was let off as he was still a lesser of 17 years.
• As a Transport Minister after independence, Shastri founded the provision of female drivers and conductors in public transportation.
• At his wedding, he accepted a Khadi cloth and spinning wheel as a dowry.
• He joined in the Salt March and went to jail for two years.
• When Shastri was a Home Minister, he started the first committee on Prevention of Corruption.
• Shastri had also integrated the idea of the Green Revolution to raise the demand for India’s food production.
• In 1920, Shastri linked with the freedom movement and worked as a renowned leader of the Indian National Congress.
• Not only this, but he had also supported the promotion of the White Revolution for increasing milk production in the country. He had founded the National Dairy Development Board and encouraged the Amul milk cooperative based at Anand, Gujarat.
• On 10th January 1966, he signed Tashkent Declaration with the Pakistan President, Muhammad Ayub Khan to end the 1965 war.
• Shastri lifted his voice against the caste system and the dowry system.
• Shastri was an extremely disciplined person with high self-esteem and morals. Shastri did not even have a car after becoming a Prime Minister.

Conclusion

Lal Bahadur Shastri has a great history of being a freedom fighter, nationalist, and leader of the nation. He was primarily involved with the basic economic problems of the country then-food lack, poverty, and unemployment. Lal Bahadur Shastri’s death remains a secret, though officially reported as a heart attack, after signing the Tashkent Agreement on January 11th, 1966. He was the primary person to posthumously be awarded the Bharat Ratna, India’s most prestigious civilian award.