Class 10 Mathematics Chapter 3: Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables - NCERT Solutions

Welcome to the complete NCERT solutions for Class 10 Mathematics Chapter 3: Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables. In this section, we provide detailed, easy-to-understand solutions for all the questions from this chapter. Whether you're preparing for exams or seeking a deeper understanding of the subject, these Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables question answers will offer you valuable insights and explanations. Each solution is crafted to ensure conceptual clarity and step-by-step problem-solving methods, enabling students to grasp the core themes and excel in their academics.

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Exercise 1 ( Page No. : 44 )

  • Q1 Aftab tells his daughter, “Seven years ago, I was seven times as old as you were then. Also, three years from now, I shall be three times as old as you will be.” (Isn’t this interesting?) Represent this situation algebraically and graphically.
    Ans:

    Let the present age of Aftab and his father be x years and y years respectively.

                       According to question,

                       7 years ago, we have

                                                              x – 7 = 7 (y - 7)

              Or,                                          x – 7 = 7y – 49

              Or,                                          x – 7y = - 42       …………… (1)

              3 years from now, we have

                                                            (x + 3) = 3 (y + 3)

              Or,                                        x + 3 = 3y + 9

              Or,                                        x – 3y = 6            ……………. (2)

     

                     Graphical Representation

                     From equation (1),                   x – 7y = -42

                       Table value of x and y

    x:

    0

    -42

    -35

    y:

    6

    0

    1

                      From equation (2),     x – 3y = 6

                       Table value of x and y

    x:

    0

    9

    6

    y:

    -2

    1

    0

               Plotting the tables on the graph:


    Q2 The coach of a cricket team buys 3 bats and 6 balls for ` 3900. Later, she buys another bat and 3 more balls of the same kind for ` 1300. Represent this situation algebraically and geometrically.
    Ans:

    Let the cost of one bat and one ball be x Rupees and y Rupees respectively.

                          According to first condition,

                                                              3x + 6y = ₨ 3900    …………….(1) 

                          According to second condition,              

                                                               x + 3y = ₨ 1300   …………….(2) 

                      Graphical Representation

                     From equation (1),                  3x + 6y = 3900

                       Table value of x and y

    x:

    100

    300

    700

    y:

    600

    500

    300

                      From equation (2),                   x + 3y = 1300

                       Table value of x and y

    x:

    100

    700

    400

    y:

    400

    200

    300

                       1 Unit = 100


    Q3 The cost of 2 kg of apples and 1kg of grapes on a day was found to be ` 160. After a month, the cost of 4 kg of apples and 2 kg of grapes is ` 300. Represent the situation algebraically and geometrically.
    Ans:

    Let the cost of one kg apple be x ₨ and 1 kg grapes be y ₨.

                          According to first condition,

                                                                               2x + y = 160 ₨ …………..(1)

                          According to second condition,                 

                                                                               4x + 2y = 300

                                                                               2x + y = 150 ……………….(2)

                     Graphical Representation

                     Table for equation (1),                    2x + y = 160

                       Table value of x and y

    x:

    40

    60

    80

    y:

    60

    40

    0

                      Table for equation (2),                    2x + y = 150

                       Table value of x and y

    x:

    40

    60

    20

    y:

    70

    30

    110

         


Exercise 2 ( Page No. : 50 )

Exercise 3 ( Page No. : 53 )

  • Q1 Solve the following pair of linear equations by the substitution method.
    Ans:

    (i)                              x + y = 14                 …………….(1)

               x – y = 4                  …………….(2)

                                     From the equation (1), we get

                                       x = 14 - y                 …………….(3)

                                     Putting the value of x in equation (2), we get

                                        (14 - y) – y = 4                                                   

                                        14 – y – y = 4                                                       

                                         - 2y = - 10                                                    

                                       

                                           Putting the value of y in equation (3),

                                           x = 14 – 5 

                                           x = 9

                                            Hence,     x = 9 and y = 5

    (iii)                             3x - y = 3                 …………….(1)

                 9x – 3y = 9…………….(2)                                

                                     From the equation (1), we get

                                                      

                                      Putting the value of y in equation (2), we get

                                         9x – 3 (3x - 3) = 9

                                          9x – 9x + 9 = 9

                                          9 = 9, which is true.

                                      Therefore, pair of linear equation has infinite many solutions.


    Q2 Solve 2x + 3y = 11 and 2x – 4y = – 24 and hence find the value of ‘m’ for which y = mx + 3.
    Ans:


    Q3 Form the pair of linear equations for the following problems and find their solution by substitution method. (i) The difference between two numbers is 26 and one number is three times the other. Find them. (ii) The larger of two supplementary angles exceeds the smaller by 18 degrees. Find them. (iii) The coach of a cricket team buys 7 bats and 6 balls for Rs. 3800. Later, she buys 3 bats and 5 balls for Rs. 1750. Find the cost of each bat and each ball. (iv) The taxi charges in a city consist of a fixed charge together with the charge for the distance covered. For a distance of 10 km, the charge paid is Rs. 105 and for a journey of 15 km, the charge paid is Rs. 155. What are the fixed charges and the charge per km? How much does a person have to pay for travelling a distance of 25 km? (v) A fraction becomes, , if 2 is added to both the numerator and the denominator. If, 3 is added to both the numerator and the denominator it becomes  Find the fraction. (vi) Five years hence, the age of Jacob will be three times that of his son. Five years ago, Jacob’s age was seven times that of his son. What are their present ages?
    Ans:

    (i)                  Let the numbers be x and y, such that x > y

    Therefore, according to question        

                          x - y = 26                 …………….(1)

    x = 3y…………….(2)

                                       Putting the value of x from equation (2) to equation (1), we get

                                                                                        3y – y = 26

                                                                                        2y = 26

                                                                                         y = 13                  

                                        Putting the value in equation (2), we get

                                                                                         x = 3 x 13

                                                                                         x = 39   

                                        Hence, the numbers are 39 and 13.

    (ii) Let one be xâ—¦ and other be yâ—¦ such that (xâ—¦ > yâ—¦)

    Therefore, according to question          

                              xâ—¦ + yâ—¦ = 180â—¦…………….(1) (Supplementary angles)

    xâ—¦ = 18 + yâ—¦…………….(2)

    Putting the value of x from equation (2) to equation (1), we get                                             

    18 + yâ—¦ + yâ—¦ = 180â—¦

    2yâ—¦ = 162â—¦

    Putting the value of y in equation (2), we get

                          xâ—¦ = 18 + 81

    x = 99

    (iv)                 Let the fixed charge be = ₨ x

    Let the charge for 1 km distance be = ₨ y

    According to first condition,

                                                                                       x + 10y = ₨ 105

                                                                                          x = 105 – 10y                  …………….(1)

                               According to second condition,

                                                                                         x + 15y = 155                  ………………(2) 

                                        Putting the value of x in equation (2), we get

                                                                                        105 – 10y + 15y = 155

                                                                                        5y = 50

                                                                                         y = 10 

                                        Putting the value of y in equation (2), we get

                                                                                         x + 15 x 10 = 155                               

                                                                                         x = 5

                                        Hence, the fixed charge for taxi is ₨ 5 and, the charge for one km distance is ₨ 50.

                                        Charge for 25 km distance

                                                                                         = 25 x 10 + 5

                                                                                         = ₨ 255

    (vi)                 Let the age of Jacob be = x years

    Let the age of Jacob’s father be = y years

    After 5 years,

                                                    Jacob’s age               x + 5 years

                                                       Son’s age                  y + 5 years            

                               According to question,

                           x + 5 = 3 (y + 5)           

    x + 5 = 3y + 15

    x = 3y + 10………………(1)

    Five years ago,

    (x- 5) = 7 (y - 5)

    x – 5 = 7y – 35

    x – 7y = -30……………….(2)

                                        Putting the value of x in equation (2), we get

                                                                                        3y + 10 - 7y = -30

                                                                                        -4y = -40

                                                                                         y = 10 

                                        Putting the value of y in equation (1), we get

                                                                                         x = 3 (10) + 10                                 

                                                                                         x = 40

                                        Hence, the present age of Jacob is 40 years and the age of his son is 10 years.


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