Polynomials Question Answers: NCERT Class 10 Mathematics

Welcome to the Polynomials Class 10 Mathematics NCERT Solutions page. Here, we provide detailed question answers for Chapter 2 - Polynomials, designed to help students gain a thorough understanding of the concepts related to natural resources, their classification, and sustainable development.

Our solutions explain each answer in a simple and comprehensive way, making it easier for students to grasp key topics and excel in their exams. By going through these Polynomials question answers, you can strengthen your foundation and improve your performance in Class 10 Mathematics. Whether you're revising or preparing for tests, this chapter-wise guide will serve as an invaluable resource.

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Exercise 1 ( Page No. : 28 )

  • Q1 The graphs of y = p(x) are given in Fig. 2.10 below, for some polynomials p(x). Find the number of zeroes of p(x), in each case.
    Ans:

    Total no of zeroes of a polynomial equation = the number of times the curve intersect x-axis

    1. In this graph the number of zeroes of p(x) is 0, because the graph is parallel to x- axis and does not intersect at any point on x-axis.
    2. In this graph the number of zeroes of p(x) is 1, because the curve intersects x-axis only at one point.
    3. In this graph the number of zeroes of p(x) is 3, because the curve intersects x-axis at three points. 
    4. In this graph the number of zeroes of p(x) is 2, because the curve intersects x-axis at two points.
    5. In this graph the number of zeroes of p(x) is 4, because the curve intersects x-axis at four points.
    6. In this graph the number of zeroes of p(x) is 3, because the curve intersects x-axis at three points.

Exercise 2 ( Page No. : 33 )

  • Q1 Find the zeroes of the following quadratic polynomials and verify the relationship between the zeroes and the coefficients. (i) x2 – 2x – 8 (ii) 4s2 – 4s + 1 (iii) 6x2 – 3 – 7x (iv) 4u2 + 8u (v) t2 – 15 (vi) 3x2 – x – 4
    Ans:

    (i)   x2 – 2x – 8

                     = x – 4x + 2x – 8                  

                    = x(x – 4) + 2(x – 4)

                     = (x + 2) (x – 4)

                    The value of x2 – 2x – 8 is zero if (x + 2) = 0 and (x – 4) = 0

                          x = -2 or   x = 4

                           Sum of zeroes = (-2 + 4) = 2 = - coefficient of x

                                                                            coefficient of x2      

                           Product of zeroes = (-2) × 4 = -8 = Constant term

                                                                                 coefficient of x2

    (ii)          4s2 – 4s + 1

                              = 4s2 – 2s – 2s + 1

                            = 2s (2s – 1) – 1 (2s – 1)

                             = ( 2s – 1 )  ( 2s – 1 )      

                         The value of 4s2 – 4s + 1 is zero , if (2s-1) = 0 and (2s-1 ) = 0

                           s = 1/2 , 1/2

                           Sum of zeroes = (1/2 + 1/2) = 1   - coefficient of x

                                                                                coefficient of x2

                          Product of zeroes =1/2 × 1/2 = 1/4 =  constant term

                                                                                    coefficient of x2             

    (iii)    6x2 –7x – 3  

                            = 6x – 9x + 2x – 3                     

                         = 3x (2x – 3) + 1(2x – 3)                        

                         = (3x + 1) (2x – 3)                

                         The value of  6x2 –7x – 3 is zero, if (3x + 1) = 0 and (2x – 3) = 0

                                X = -1 /3 , 3/2

                                Sum of zeroes = ( -1/3 + 3/2) = 7/6 =  - coefficient of x

                                                                                            coefficient of x2

                               Product of zeroes = -1/3 × 3/2 = -3/2 =  constant term

                                                                                            coefficient of x2            

    (iv)        4u2+8u

                           4u(u+2)

                           The value of 4u2+8u is zero, if 4u = 0 and (u+2) =0

                            u   = 0,  - 2

                           Sum of zeroes = ( 0+ (-2)) = -2 =  - coefficient of x

                                                                                   coefficient of x2

                             Product of zeroes = (-2) × 0 = 0 =   constant term

                                                                                     coefficient of x2            

    (v)

    solution

    (vi) 

    3x2–x–4

                                3x – 4x + 3x – 4 

                          =  x (3x – 4) + 1 (3x – 4)

                           The value of 3x – x + 4 is zero, if (3x – 4) = 0 and (x + 1) = 0

                                 Sum of zeroes = [4/3 + ( -1)] = 1/3 = - coefficient of x

                                                               coefficient of x2

                              Product of zeroes = (-1) × 4/3 = -4/3 = constant term

                                                                                              coefficient of x2           


    Q2 Find a quadratic polynomial each with the given numbers as the sum and product of its zeroes respectively.
    Ans:

    (i) Let α, β are the zeroes of the polynomial ax2+ bx +c, therefore

                                   Sum of zeroes (α + β) = 1/4 =  -b/a

                                Product of zeroes (αβ) = -1 = c/a

                                On comparing,

                                 a = 4, b = -1 and c = - 4

                             Hence, the required polynomial is 4x2 –x – 4

    (ii)

     solution

    (iii) 

    Let α, β are the zeroes of the polynomial ax2+ bx +c, therefore

                                    Sum of zeroes (α + β) = 0 = -b/a

                             Product of zeroes (αβ) = √5 = √5/1 = c/a

                          On comparing,

                            a = 1, b = 0 and c = √5

                           Hence, the required polynomial is x2 + √5

    solution


Exercise 3 ( Page No. : 36 )

Exercise 4 ( Page No. : 37 )

  • Q1 Verify that the numbers given alongside of the cubic polynomials below are their zeroes. Also verify the relationship between the zeroes and the coefficients in each case:
    Ans:


    (i)                         Here f(x) = 2x³ + x² - 5x + 2

                                Given roots of f(x) are ½, 1, -2

    F(1/2) = 2×(1/2)³ + (1/2)² - 5(1/2 ) + 2 = 0

    F(1) = 2(1)³ + 1² - 5(1) + 2 = 0

    F(-2) = 2(-2)³ + (-2)² - 5(-2) + 2 = 0

    Hence, ½, 1 and -2 are the zeroes of f(x).

    Therefore, sum of zeroes = -b/a -1/2

    Sum of product of zeroes taken two at a time = c/a = -5/2

    Product of zeroes = -d/a = 2

    (ii)                    Let the f(x) = ax³ + bx² + c + d

    Let α, β and γ be the zeroes of the polynomial f(x).

    Then, sum of zeroes = -b/a = 2/1 ………………(i)

    Sum of product of zeroes taken two at a time = c/a = -7. ………………..(ii)

    Product of zeroes = -d/a = -14 ……………….(iii)

    From equation (i), (ii) and (iii) we have

    a = 1 , b = -2 , c = -7 and d = 14

    Therefore the required polynomial on putting the values of a, b, c and d

    F(x) = x³ - 2x² - 7x + 14


    Q2 Find a cubic polynomial with the sum, sum of the product of its zeroes taken two at a time, and the product of its zeroes as 2, –7, –14 respectively.
    Ans:

                                Let the p(x) = ax3+bx2+ cx + d

                                Sum of zeroes and α, β and γ be the zeroes.

                                Then, α, β and γ = -b/ a = 2/1    …………………..(i)

                                αβ + βγ + γα= c/a = -7      …………………….(ii)

    ‘                           αβγ = -d /a = -14               ……………………………..(iii)

                                From equation (i), (ii) and (iii), we get

                                a = 1, b = -2, c = -7 and d = 14

                                Therefore, the required polynomial on putting the value of a, b, c and d is P(x) = x3 - 2x2 – 7x + 14


    Q3 If the zeroes of the polynomial x3 – 3x2 + x + 1 are a – b, a, a + b, find a and b.
    Ans:

    Given, p(x) = x3 - 3x2 + x + 1

    And zeroes are given as a – b, a, a + b

    Now, comparing the given polynomial with general expression, we get;

    ∴ ax3+bx2+ cx + d = x3 – 3x2+ x + 1

    a = 1, b = -3, c = 1 and d = 1

    Sum of zeroes = a – b + a + a + b

    -b/a = 3a

    Putting the values b and a

    - (-3)/1 = 3a

                    a = 1

    Thus, the zeroes are 1 - b, 1, 1 + b.

    Now, product of zeroes = 1(1 – b) (1 + b)

    d/a = 1 - b2

    -1/1 = 1- b2

    b2 = 1 + 1 = 2

    b = √2

    Hence, 1, -√2, 1, 1 + √2 are the zeroes of x3 – 3x2 + x + 1


    Q4
    Ans:


    Q5 If the polynomial x4 – 6x3 + 16x2 – 25x + 10 is divided by another polynomial x2 – 2x + k, the remainder comes out to be x + a, find k and a.
    Ans:

    Given,

    Divisor = x2 – 2x + k

    Dividend = x4 – 6x3 + 16x2 – 25x + 10

    Remainder = x + a

    As we know that,

    Dividend = divisor quotient + remainder

    x4 – 6x3 + 16x2 – 25x + 10 = x2 – 2x + k quotient + (x + a)

    x4 – 6x3 + 16x2 – 25x + 10 –  (x + a)  = x2 – 2x + k quotient

    x4 – 6x3 + 16x2 – 26x + 10 – a  = quotient

                   x2 – 2x + k

    If the polynomial x4 – 6x3 + 16x2 – 26x + 10 –  a is divided by x2 – 2x + k remainder comes out to be zero.

    Therefore, By equating the remainder with zero, we have

    (-10 + 2k) = 0 => 2k = 10  => k = 5

    Or, 10 – a – 8k + k2 = 0

    Putting the value of k, we get

    10 – a – 8(5) + (5)2 = 0

    10 – a – 40 + 25 = 0

    - a – 5 = 0 => a = -5

    Hence, k = 5 and a = -5


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