What are official reserve transactions? Explain their importance in the balance of payments.
The transactions carried by monetary authority of a country, which cause changes in official reserves, transactions (ORT). These transactions are carried through purchase or sale of currency in the exchange market for foreign currencies or other assets. The reserves are drawn by selling foreign currencies in the exchange market during deficits and foreign currencies are purchased during surplus.
When the official reserves increases or decreases, it is called overall balance of payments surplus or deficit respectively.
Importance of ORT in balance of payments:
1. Purchase of a country’s own currency is a credit item in the balance of payments; Whereas, sale of the currency is a debit item.
2. It helps to adjust the deficit and surplus in balance of payments.
Differentiate between devaluation and depreciation.
What is a barter system? What are its drawbacks?
Write down some of the limitations of using GDP as an index of welfare of a country.
Explain the relation between government deficit and government debt.
From the following data, calculate Personal Income and Personal Disposable Income.
Rs (crore)
(a) Net Domestic Product at factor cost 8,000
(b) Net Factor Income from abroad 200
(c) Undisbursed Profit 1,000
(d) Corporate Tax 500
(e) Interest Received by Households 1,500
(f) Interest Paid by Households 1,200
(g) Transfer Income 300
(h) Personal Tax 500
Why should the aggregate final expenditure of an economy be equal to the aggregate factor payments? Explain.
Give the relationship between the revenue deficit and the fiscal deficit.
Discuss the issue of deficit reduction.
Are fiscal deficits inflationary?
What is the difference between ex ante investment and ex post investment?
Suppose C = 40 + 0.8Y D, T = 50, I = 60, G = 40, X = 90, M = 50 + 0.05Y
(a) Find equilibrium income. (b) Find the net export balance at equilibrium income (c) What happens to equilibrium income and the net export balance when the government purchases increase from 40 and 50?
Calculate the open economy multiplier with proportional taxes, T = tY, instead of lump-sum taxes as assumed in the text.
How is the exchange rate determined under a flexible exchange rate regime?
What is the difference between planned and unplanned inventory accumulation? Write down the relation between change in inventories and value added of a firm.
What are the instruments of monetary policy of RBI?
Do you consider a commercial bank ‘creator of money’ in the economy?
Are fiscal deficits inflationary?
Explain the functions of a commercial bank.
Are the concepts of demand for domestic goods and domestic demand for goods the same?
What is the marginal propensity to import when M = 60 + 0.06Y? What is the relationship between the marginal propensity to import and the aggregate demand function?